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Herein, we sought to identify other HLA\u2013DR\u2010presented Pc peptides and source proteins in PBMCs from additional patients to better understand Pc immune responses and RA disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using tandem mass spectrometry, we searched for HLA\u2013DR\u2010presented Pc peptides in PBMCs from RA and Lyme arthritis (LA) patients. The identified peptides and source proteins were tested for reactivity in RA patients, those with other arthritides, and the general population. These results were assessed for correlation with clinical findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Including Pc\u2010p27, we identified 5 HLA\u2013DR\u2010presented Pc peptides, each derived from a different Pc protein, in 3 of 4 RA patients, but none in 2 LA patients. When tested in our RA cohort, 14 of 19 patients (74%) had T cell responses, and 47 of 89 patients (53%) had IgG or IgA responses to \u22651 of the 5 Pc peptides or proteins, most commonly IgA reactivity with Pc\u2010p27. Additionally, 74% of RA patients with IgA antibodies to \u22651 Pc protein had anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) compared with 49% of patients who lacked IgA Pc antibody responses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05), and IgA Pc antibody levels correlated with ACPA values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the RA patients had Pc immune responses. The correlation of IgA Pc antibody responses, particularly to Pc\u2010p27, with ACPA supports the hypothesis that specific microbial antigens in the mucosa have a role in shaping or amplifying immune responses in RA joints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T07:17:10Z","timestamp":1622099830000},"page":"2200-2205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Identification of Novel, Immunogenic HLA\u2013DR\u2010Presented <i>Prevotella copri<\/i> Peptides in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pianta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geena","family":"Chiumento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Ramsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemen","family":"Strle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Arvikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5268-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen C.","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0070-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6b00386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-011-8291-x"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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