{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:13:18Z","timestamp":1790737998301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008333","name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether a gout polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with age at gout onset and tophaceous disease in European, East Polynesian, and West Polynesian men and women with gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 19\u2010variant gout PRS was produced in 7 European gout cohorts (N\u00a0=\u00a04,016), 2 East Polynesian gout cohorts (N\u00a0=\u00a0682), and 1 West Polynesian gout cohort (N\u00a0=\u00a0490). Sex\u2010stratified regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the PRS and age at gout onset and tophaceous disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PRS was associated with earlier age at gout onset in men (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20133.61 in years per unit PRS [95% confidence interval (95% CI) \u20134.32, \u20132.90] in European men; \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20136.35 [95% CI \u20138.91, \u20133.80] in East Polynesian men; \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20133.51 [95% CI \u20135.46, \u20131.57] in West Polynesian men) but not in women (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.07 [95% CI \u20132.32, 2.45] in European women; \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.20 [95% CI \u20137.21, 7.62] in East Polynesian women; \u03b2 \u20133.33 [95% CI \u20139.28, 2.62] in West Polynesian women). The PRS showed a positive association with tophaceous disease in men (odds ratio [OR] for the association 1.15 [95% CI 1.00, 1.31] in European men; OR 2.60 [95% CI 1.66, 4.06] in East Polynesian men; OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.07, 2.19] in West Polynesian men) but not in women (OR for the association 0.68 [95% CI 0.42, 1.10] in European women; OR 1.45 [95% CI 0.39, 5.36] in East Polynesian women). The PRS association with age at gout onset was robust to the removal of <jats:italic>ABCG2<\/jats:italic> variants from the PRS in European and East Polynesian men (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20132.42 [95% CI \u20133.37, \u20131.46] and \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20136.80 [95% CI \u201310.06, \u20133.55], respectively) but not in West Polynesian men (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20131.79 [95% CI \u20134.74, 1.16]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic risk variants for gout also harbor risk for earlier age at gout onset and tophaceous disease in European and Polynesian men. Our findings suggest that earlier gout onset involves the accumulation of gout risk alleles in men but perhaps not in women, and that this genetic risk is shared across multiple ancestral groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T04:34:16Z","timestamp":1666672456000},"page":"816-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association of Gout Polygenic Risk Score With Age at Disease Onset and Tophaceous Disease in European and Polynesian Men With Gout"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Sumpter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riku","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Cadzow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth K. G.","family":"Topless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Phipps\u2010Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinki","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janak","family":"de Zoysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huti","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng\u0101ti Porou Hauora Trust, Te Puia Springs  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng\u0101ti Porou Hauora Trust, Te Puia Springs  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa S.","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University, and The Institute for Quantitative Health Science &amp; Engineering, Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Abhishek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK, and GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Rheumatology, Alicante General University Hospital\u2010ISABIAL, Miguel Hernandez University  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania O.","family":"Cri\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Medical Genetics Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Cluj\u2010Napoca Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK, and GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Rheumatology &amp; Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Complex Gout Expert Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Viecuri Medical Centre  Venlo The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim L.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Complex Gout Expert Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Viecuri Medical Centre  Venlo The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo A. B.","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj\u2010Napoca, Romania, and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7853-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meliha","family":"Kapetanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Liot\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio\u2010Nano Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and University College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Perez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Rheumatology Division, Osakidetza, OSI EE\u2010Cruces, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Biocruces\u2010Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, and the Medicine Department of the Medicine School of the University of the Basque Country  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Riches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and IGC University of Edinburgh  Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Richette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2010Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR\u20101132 and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Roddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and School of Medicine Keele University  Keele Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanka","family":"Stiburkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, and Institute of Rheumatology  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Kathrin","family":"Tausche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Division of Rheumatology University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Biochemistry La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute (FIBHULP), IdiPaz, and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6881-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya J.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Stamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium, and Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4632-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Dalbeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, and GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyon K.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University, and The Institute for Quantitative Health Science &amp; Engineering, Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan P.","family":"Leask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-8726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony R.","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, and GlobalGoutGenetics Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of gout: prevalence, incidence and risk factors [review]","volume":"1","author":"Kuo CF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1254-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S8310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0504-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0004-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.201684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4623-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"ChenWM.KING tutorial: relationship inference.2022. Accessed February 13 2023. URL:https:\/\/www.kingrelatedness.com\/manual.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"R Foundation.The R project for statistical computing;2022. Accessed January 27 2023. URL:https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","article-title":"Analysis of common gout comorbidities in the UK Biobank cohort reveals sex\u2010specific effects and genetic differentiation [abstract]","volume":"72","author":"Sumpter N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S284759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1860-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.42393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.42393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:36:39Z","timestamp":1759934199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.42393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.42393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}