{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:20:29Z","timestamp":1783941629376,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019\u2013associated pediatric vasculitis, other than Kawasaki disease (KD)\u2013like vasculitis in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS\u2010C), is very rare. This study sought to analyze the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in patients with COVID\u201019\u2013associated pediatric vasculitis (excluding KD\u2010like vasculitis in MIS\u2010C).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age\u2009&lt;18\u2009years at vasculitis onset; 2) evidence of vasculitis; 3) evidence of SARS\u2013CoV\u20102 exposure; and 4) \u22643 months between SARS\u2013CoV\u20102 exposure and vasculitis onset. Patients with MIS\u2010C were excluded. The features of the subset of patients in our cohort who had COVID\u201019\u2013associated pediatric IgA vasculitis\/Henoch Sch\u00f6nlein purpura (IgAV\/HSP) were compared against a pre\u2010pandemic cohort of pediatric IgAV\/HSP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one patients (median age 8.3\u2009years; male to female ratio 1.3) were included from 14 centers and 6 countries. The most frequent vasculitis subtype was IgAV\/HSP (n\u00a0=\u00a030). The median duration between SARS\u2013CoV\u20102 exposure and vasculitis onset was 13\u2009days. Involvement of the skin (92.7%) and of the gastrointestinal system (61%) were the most common manifestations of vasculitis. Most patients (68.3%) received glucocorticoids, and 14.6% also received additional immunosuppressive drugs. Remission was achieved in all patients. All of the patients with IgAV\/HSP in our cohort had skin manifestations, while 18 (60%) had gastrointestinal involvement and 13 (43.3%) had renal involvement. When we compared the features of this subset of 30 patients to those of a pre\u2010pandemic pediatric IgAV\/HSP cohort (n\u00a0=\u00a0159), the clinical characteristics of fever and renal involvement were more common in our COVID\u201019\u2013associated pediatric IgAV\/HSP cohort (fever, 30% versus 5%, respectively [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]; renal involvement, 43.3% versus 17.6%, respectively [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002]). Recovery without treatment and complete recovery were each less frequent among our COVID\u201019\u2010associated pediatric IgAV\/HSP patients compared to the pre\u2010pandemic pediatric IgAV\/HSP cohort (recovery without treatment, 10% versus 39%, respectively [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002]; complete recovery, 86.7% versus 99.4%, respectively [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the largest cohort of children with COVID\u201019\u2013associated vasculitis (excluding MIS\u2010C) studied to date. Our findings suggest that children with COVID\u201019\u2013associated IgAV\/HSP experience a more severe disease course compared to pediatric IgAV\/HSP patients before the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T05:14:17Z","timestamp":1669958057000},"page":"499-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Characteristics of Patients With <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019\u2013Associated Pediatric Vasculitis: An International, Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1065-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi D.","family":"Batu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seher","family":"Sener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulcan","family":"Ozomay Baykal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Arslanoglu Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semanur","family":"\u00d6zdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alenka","family":"Gagro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, and Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Josipa Huttlera 4, University of Osijek  Osijek Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine  Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merav","family":"Heshin\u2010Bekenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Akp\u0131nar Tekg\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara City Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma G.","family":"Demirkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kubra","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Vougiouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Kapodistrian University School of Medicine, \u201cP. A. Kyriakou\u201d Children's Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Emine","family":"Sonmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine  Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0426-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ummusen","family":"Kaya Akca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayd\u0131n Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Jelusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysenur","family":"Pac K\u0131saarslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine  Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara City Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuray","family":"Aktay Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"S\u00f6zeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seza","family":"\u00d6zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) Vasculitis Working Party","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01123-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0630"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00928-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116657"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2018.1448111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Emergency preparedness and response: health alert network;2020. 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