{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:46:58Z","timestamp":1789156018547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RESULT cohort, award NCT02067910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESULT cohort, award NCT02067910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG\u2010GK1660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG\u2010GK1660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG\u2010TRR130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG\u2010TRR130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["456067883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["456067883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>B cell hyperactivity plays an important role in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS). We undertook this study to better understand the B cell effector branch, namely antibody\u2010secreting cells (ASCs) in primary SS, and to examine the quantity, maturity, and inflammatory properties of ASCs in primary SS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circulating ASCs, defined as CD3\u2013CD14\u2013CD27+CD38++ cells, from 21 primary SS patients and 10 healthy controls were assessed using spectral flow cytometry. Expression levels of relevant ASC markers relating to maturity, survival, and inflammatory status were analyzed using a t\u2010distributed stochastic neighbor embedding approach. Correlation of ASC properties with primary SS disease parameters was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ASCs were more abundant in peripheral blood from primary SS patients than from healthy controls (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD 3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1 cells\/\u03bcl versus 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 cells\/\u03bcl, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048) and displayed a more mature phenotype (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD CD19\u2013 ASCs 0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21 cells\/\u03bcl versus 0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 cells\/\u03bcl, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). An inflammatory CXCR3+ phenotype of ASCs correlated positively with our newly developed ASC maturity index (r\u00a0=\u00a00.568, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) but correlated negatively with antiinflammatory interleukin\u201010 expression (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.769, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). ASCs with a higher maturity index also demonstrated higher levels of the pro\u2010survival protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.567, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007). Frequency and\/or maturity of ASCs correlated with several primary SS disease parameters, such as antinuclear antibody and anti\u2010La\/SSB titers, salivary gland focus scores, and ocular staining scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantity and maturity of ASCs in primary SS patients are increased and correlate with disease parameters. A higher maturity index of ASCs marks a pro\u2010survival and proinflammatory phenotype. Altogether, B cell hyperactivity in primary SS extends to the peripheral ASC compartment, raising potential for ASCs as future biomarkers or targets for primary SS treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art42422-toc-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1671437437000},"page":"973-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Circulating <scp>Antibody\u2010Secreting<\/scp> Cell Maturity With Disease Features in Primary Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6541-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobit D.","family":"Steinmetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-6085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwenny M.","family":"Verstappen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, and the European Reference Network ERN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian R.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3 Friedrich\u2010Alexander University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liseth","family":"de Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Wilbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Terpstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrika","family":"Bootsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, and the European Reference Network ERN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans G. M.","family":"Kroese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, and the European Reference Network ERN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.891439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Presence of intraepithelial B\u2010lymphocytes is associated with the formation of lymphoepithelial lesions in salivary glands of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients","volume":"37","author":"Ginkel MS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2238::AID-ART20>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Advances in Immunology","author":"Schuh W","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.3655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017004481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Bone marrow derived long\u2010lived plasma cell phenotypes are heterogeneous and can change in culture","volume":"101726","author":"Mujtahedi SS","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.681941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201970107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22860"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00605-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-2992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2010.01222.x"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.42422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/art.42422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.42422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:24:23Z","timestamp":1759937063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.42422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.42422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42422","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}