{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1790991747261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AR073334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AR073334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AR078938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AR078938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare rituximab\u2010 versus cyclophosphamide\u2010based remission induction strategies for the long\u2010term risks of kidney failure and death in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)\u2013associated vasculitis (AAV) in a real\u2010world cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cohort study using the Mass General Brigham AAV Cohort, which includes proteinase 3\u2013ANCA+ and myeloperoxidase (MPO)\u2010ANCA+ AAV patients diagnosed from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2019. We included cases in which the initial remission induction strategy was based either on rituximab or cyclophosphamide. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of kidney failure or death. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score\u2013matched analyses to assess the association of rituximab\u2010 versus cyclophosphamide\u2010based treatment strategies with the composite outcome of kidney failure or death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 595 included patients, 352 patients (~60%) received rituximab\u2010based and 243 patients (~40%) received cyclophosphamide\u2010based regimens. The mean age was 61\u2009years, 58% of patients were female, 70% of patients were MPO\u2010ANCA+, and 69% of patients had renal involvement (median estimated glomerular filtration rate 37.3 ml\/minute\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). There were 133 events at 5\u2009years, and the incidence rates in rituximab\u2010 and cyclophosphamide\u2010based regimens were 6.8 and 6.1 per 100 person\u2010years, respectively. The risk of kidney failure or death was similar in both groups in multivariable\u2010adjusted analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55\u20131.93]) and in propensity score\u2013matched analyses (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.55\u20131.99]) at 5\u2009years. Our findings were similar when outcomes were assessed at 1 and 2\u2009years as well as in subgroups stratified according to renal involvement and severity as well as major organ involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rituximab\u2010 and cyclophosphamide\u2010based remission induction strategies for AAV are associated with similar risks of kidney failure and death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T13:48:31Z","timestamp":1680529711000},"page":"1599-1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab\u2010 Versus <scp>Cyclophosphamide\u2010Based<\/scp> Remission Induction Strategies in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis for the Risk of Kidney Failure and Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, and Mongan Institute Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, and Mongan Institute Massachusetts General Hospital  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