{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:12:15Z","timestamp":1792023135493,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDR J.0124.22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDR J.0124.22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J.0133.24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J.0133.24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005041","name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A.R.C. grant 19\/24\u2010098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A.R.C. grant 19\/24\u2010098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective is to characterize transcriptomic profiles and immune cell composition and distribution in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) synovial biopsies, assess for associations of these features with clinical parameters, and compare JIA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was performed on 24 samples, with pathway analysis and inference of relative abundance of immune cell subsets based on gene expression data. Two multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) panels were performed on 28 samples (including 13 on which RNASeq was performed), staining for CD206<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> classical and CD206<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> nonclassical macrophages, and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T and B lymphocytes. Data were compared to a published series of early RA synovial biopsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathway analysis of the most variably expressed genes (n = 339) identified a B and plasma cell signature as the main driver of heterogeneity in JIA synovia, with strong overlap between JIA and RA synovitis. Multiplex IHC confirmed heterogeneity of immune cell infiltration. M1\u2010like macrophage\u2013rich synovial lining was associated with greater lining hypertrophy and higher (CD45<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) pan\u2013immune cell and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell infiltration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study indicates significant similarities between JIA and RA synovitis. Similar to RA, JIA synovia may be broadly categorized into two groups: (1) those with an inflammatory\/adaptive immune transcriptomic signature, M1\u2010like macrophage and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell infiltration, and thicker, M1\u2010like macrophage\u2013rich synovial lining, and (2) those with an M2\u2010like macrophage transcriptomic signature, greater M2\/M1\u2010like macrophage ratios, and thinner, M2\u2010like macrophage\u2013rich synovial lining. Synovial features were not significantly associated with clinical parameters, likely because of group size and heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T21:38:46Z","timestamp":1716500326000},"page":"1439-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Two Broad Categories Overlapping With Rheumatoid Arthritis Observed in Synovial Biopsies from Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Triaille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels 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E.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte and Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Center  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bouzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Durez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard R.","family":"Lauwerys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels 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