{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:37:09Z","timestamp":1788014229307,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010AR\u2010041199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010AR\u2010041199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and this is not explained by traditional risk factors. Characterization of blood immunologic signatures that associate with subclinical CVD and predict its progression has been challenging and may help identify subgroups at risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with SLE (n = 77) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 27) underwent assessments of arterial stiffness, vascular wall inflammation, and coronary atherosclerosis burden with cardio\u2010ankle vascular index (CAVI); fluorodeoxyglucose\u2013positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (CT) (target\u2010to\u2010background ratio [TBR]); and coronary CT angiography. Whole blood bulk RNA sequencing was performed in a subset of study participants (HC n = 10, SLE n = 20). In a partially overlapping subset (HC n = 24, SLE n = 64), serum inflammatory protein biomarkers were quantified with an Olink platform.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAVI, TBR, and noncalcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) were increased in patients with SLE compared to HCs. When comparing patients with SLE with high CAVI scores to those with low CAVI scores or to HCs, there was a down\u2010regulation of genes in pathways involved in the cell cycle and differentially regulated pathways related to metabolism. Distinct serum proteins associated with increased CAVI (CCL23, colony\u2010stimulating factor 1, latency\u2010activating peptide transforming growth factor \u03b21, interleukin 33 [IL\u201033], CD8A, and IL\u201012B), NCB (monocyte chemotactic protein 4 and FMS\u2010like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [Flt3L]), and TBR (CD5, IL\u20101\u03b1, AXIN1, cystatin D [CST5], and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood gene expression patterns and serum proteins that associate with worse vascular phenotypes suggest dysregulated immune and metabolic pathways linked to premature CVD. Cytokines and chemokines identified in associations with arterial stiffness, inflammation, and NCB in SLE may allow for characterization of new CVD biomarkers in lupus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T06:18:56Z","timestamp":1719209936000},"page":"1501-1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Multiomic Analysis to Identify Drivers of Subclinical Vascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenealem","family":"Temesgen\u2010Oyelakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis 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