{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:01:19Z","timestamp":1788930079965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007496","name":"VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01\u2010BX\u2010004676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01\u2010BX\u2010004676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR200793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR200793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54\u2010GM\u2010115458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54\u2010GM\u2010115458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate lung cancer risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA\u2010interstitial lung disease (ILD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective, matched cohort study of RA and RA\u2010ILD within the Veterans Health Administration (VA) between 2000 and 2019. Patients with RA and RA\u2010ILD were identified with validated administrative\u2010based algorithms, then matched (up to 1:10) on age, gender, and VA enrollment year to individuals without RA. Lung cancers were identified from a VA oncology database and the National Death Index. Conditional Cox regression models assessed lung cancer risk adjusting for race, ethnicity, smoking status, Agent Orange exposure, and comorbidity burden among matched individuals. Several sensitivity analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We matched 72,795 patients with RA with 633,937 patients without RA (mean age 63 years; 88% male). Over 4,481,323 patient\u2010years, 17,099 incident lung cancers occurred. RA was independently associated with an increased lung cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52\u20131.64]), which persisted in never smokers (aHR 1.65 [95% CI 1.22\u20132.24]) and in those with incident RA (aHR 1.54 [95% CI 1.44\u20131.65]). Compared to non\u2010RA controls, prevalent RA\u2010ILD (n = 757) was more strongly associated with lung cancer risk (aHR 3.25 [95% CI 2.13\u20134.95]) than RA without ILD (aHR 1.57 [95% CI 1.51\u20131.64]). Analyses of both prevalent and incident RA\u2010ILD produced similar results (RA\u2010ILD vs non\u2010RA aHR 2.88 [95% CI 2.45\u20133.40]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>RA was associated with a &gt;50% increased risk of lung cancer, and those with RA\u2010ILD represented a particularly high\u2010risk group with an approximate three\u2010fold increased risk. Increased lung cancer surveillance in RA, and especially RA\u2010ILD, may be a useful strategy for reducing the burden posed by the leading cause of cancer death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T01:55:20Z","timestamp":1722218120000},"page":"1730-1738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Risk of Lung Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis\u2013Associated Interstitial Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6717-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"Luedders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8816-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tate M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyuna","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punyasha","family":"Roul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apar Kishor","family":"Ganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System and the University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington  Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs and the University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant W.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Affairs and the University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporal Michael J. 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