{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:34:06Z","timestamp":1787315646674,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006722","name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have been detected in sputum and saliva, indicating that anti\u2013modified protein antibodies (AMPA) can be produced at mucosal sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the body's largest mucosal compartment, the gut, has not yet been examined. We therefore investigated the presence of several AMPA\u00a0(ACPA, anti\u2013carbamylated protein antibodies [anti\u2010CarP], and anti\u2013acetylated protein antibodies [AAPA]) at different mucosal sites, including the intestinal tract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Paired fecal\/ileal wash, saliva, and serum samples of patients with RA and healthy volunteers were collected in two independent cohorts. Data involving feces were replicated in a third cohort. In these secretions, AMPA were analyzed using in\u2010house enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay with unmodified peptides as control. In fecal samples, total IgA and anti\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgA were measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ACPA, anti\u2010CarP, and AAPA IgA were measurable in saliva of seropositive patients with RA (prevalence 9%\u201340%). No AMPA could be detected in feces. IgA was present because total IgA and anti\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgA were detectable in feces of ACPA\u2010positive patients with RA and healthy donors. Results were confirmed in another cohort using colonoscopically collected ileal wash samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows the presence of ACPA, anti\u2010CarP, and AAPA IgA in saliva of ACPA\u2010seropositive patients with RA. However, no AMPA could be detected in feces\/ileal wash samples of these patients, although our assays were able to measure other antigen\u2010specific antibodies. These data suggest that mucosal autoantibody secretion may occur in the oral mucosa of patients with RA, whereas no evidence could be found for this process in the lower gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T01:43:31Z","timestamp":1729215811000},"page":"272-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evidence of Site\u2010Specific Mucosal Autoantibody Secretion in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8246-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle F. A. M.","family":"Derksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4492-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"Martinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anouk G.","family":"van Mourik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlijn A.","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reade and Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 E. M.","family":"Toes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2428-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Walrabenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center Reade  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Falun Hospital  Falun Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirkjan","family":"van Schaardenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reade and Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom W. 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