{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:26:38Z","timestamp":1793993198902,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010AR\u2010041199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010AR\u2010041199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA\u2010HL\u2010006252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIJ\u2010MD\u2010000010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIJ\u2010MD\u2010000010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome characterized by autoreactive responses to nucleic acids, dysregulation of the type I interferon (IFN\u2010I) pathway, and accelerated atherosclerosis. The stimulator of IFN genes (STING), a cytosolic DNA sensor, has pathogenic implications in various inflammatory diseases. However, its specific role in SLE pathogenesis, particularly in tissue damage, remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of STING in murine models of Toll\u2010like receptor 7 (TLR7)\u2013driven lupus and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A TLR7\u2010driven lupus model was induced using imiquimod (IMQ) in wild\u2010type (WT) and STING knockout (Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) mice on a B6 background. Mice were assessed for organ involvement, serum autoantibodies, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were backcrossed to apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) mice, and both Apoe\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Apoe\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were fed a high\u2010fat chow diet to induce atherosclerosis. Phenotypic assessments were conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with IMQ\u2010treated WT mice, Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice exhibited reduced disease severity in the lupus\u2010like phenotype, characterized by decreased splenomegaly, lower renal immune complex deposition and renal damage, diminished expansion of myeloid cells, and reduced activation of T and B lymphocytes. IMQ\u2010induced DNA release associated with IFN\u2010\u03b2 production and subsequent IFN\u2010induced responses were attenuated in Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice. DNase I treatment mitigated IMQ\u2010induced proinflammatory responses in WT mice but had no effect in Sting1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice. Furthermore, STING deficiency conferred protection against vascular damage and reduced atherosclerosis burden, accompanied by decreased IFN\u2010I production. Human monocyte\u2013derived macrophages treated with IFN\u2010I significantly internalized more acetylated low\u2010density lipoprotein when compared with untreated cells, whereas an association between oxidized nucleic acids and disease activity and vascular damage was found in human SLE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight a pathogenic role of STING and downstream IFN responses in TLR7\u2010driven autoimmunity, vascular damage and atherosclerosis, supporting a therapeutic potential for STING inhibition in SLE treatment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying STING's involvement in these processes and to explore the feasibility of targeting STING as a therapeutic strategy in SLE and related autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art43062-toc-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T04:14:09Z","timestamp":1732767249000},"page":"547-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Role of\n                    <scp>STING<\/scp>\n                    Deficiency in Amelioration of Mouse Models of Lupus and Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Yudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital\/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China, and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Carmona\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickie L.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Patino\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Baumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany M.","family":"Powell\u2010Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehal","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Hasni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH  Bethesda 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Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.43062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T20:35:36Z","timestamp":1759955736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.43062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.43062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.43062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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