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Approximately 50% of patients treated with glucocorticoid (GC) monotherapy and 30% of patients receiving adjunctive therapy with tocilizumab experience disease relapses, often during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Although most relapses in GCA do not involve life\u2010 or organ\u2010threatening presentations and can be controlled successfully, frequent relapses may lead to increased prescription of GC and consequent treatment\u2010related morbidity, in addition to risk of further vascular damage. Emerging data suggest that persistent disease activity may lead to increased vascular morbidity. Additionally, although tocilizumab decreases the frequency of relapses, more than 50% of patients relapse after discontinuation of therapy. Therefore, although interleukin\u20106 blockade suppresses disease activity, it does not restore tolerance. In this article, we discuss the practical diagnosis and management of GCA relapses from an expert perspective. Current treatment options for GCA relapses, including those recommended by international guidelines, and novel potential therapies are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T02:15:57Z","timestamp":1734920157000},"page":"632-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Management of Relapses in Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4712-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Alba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari M\u00fatua Terrassa  Terrassa Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Unizony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  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