{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1792512116455,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1\u2010AI\u2010109565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1\u2010AI\u2010109565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005039","name":"Leiden University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) is characteristic for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antibody dynamics over time are thought to reflect the cellular source of ANAs and their therapeutic targetability. Anti\u2013double\u2010stranded DNA (anti\u2010dsDNA) is the most prevalent and well\u2010studied of all ANAs, and fluctuations in anti\u2010dsDNA serum levels are associated with disease activity. Antibody dynamics of other ANAs, such as antibodies targeting RNA\u2010binding proteins (RBPs), are often considered more stable compared to anti\u2010dsDNA. However, anti\u2010RBPs may be heterogeneous in nature, and their fluctuation has not been extensively analyzed. Therefore, we aimed to study the dynamics of the different ANAs and their susceptibility to B cell\u2013targeting treatments in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seroconversion of specific ANAs was analyzed using electronic health records from patients with SLE. Titers of specific ANAs and anti\u2010varicella zoster virus (VZV) were determined in serum samples from a longitudinal cohort of patients with SLE and serum from patients with SLE treated with rituximab and belimumab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010Smith (anti\u2010Sm) and anti\u2010RNP, similar to anti\u2010dsDNA titers, seroconverted more frequently compared to anti\u2013SS\u2010A\/SS\u2010B. Furthermore, anti\u2010Sm\/RNP and anti\u2010dsDNA titers, but not anti\u2013SS\u2010A\/SS\u2010B titers, fluctuated significantly compared to stable anti\u2010VZV controls. Likewise, reductions in anti\u2010dsDNA and anti\u2010Sm\/RNP titers after B cell\u2013depleting treatment were comparable in magnitude. However, only anti\u2010dsDNA titer reductions associated with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these results show that anti\u2010Sm\/RNP and anti\u2010dsDNA, in contrast to anti\u2013SS\u2010A\/SS\u2010B, frequently fluctuate and their levels can decrease following B cell\u2013targeted treatments. Thus, distinct ANAs have variable kinetics, potentially reflecting their derivation from different B cell differentiation pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art43219-toc-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T01:09:39Z","timestamp":1747098579000},"page":"1560-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differences in Dynamics of Specific Antinuclear Antibodies and Their Susceptibility to B Cell\u2013Targeting Treatment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Hugo J.","family":"van Dooren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mieke","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie L.","family":"Dorj\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline J.","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meggan","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research  Manhasset New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wofsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn","family":"Smilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Aranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research  Manhasset New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dall'Era","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom W. 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