{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:36:36Z","timestamp":1783017396459,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010159682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010159682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fine particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is a possible trigger of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We investigated SARDs risk related to long\u2010term exposure to PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and its components (ammonium, black carbon, mineral dust, sea salt, nitrate, sulfate, organic matter), the composition of which may affect toxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assembled an open cohort of Quebec adults (without SARDs) using administrative health data from April 2000 to December 2019. Our SARD case definition included physician billing and hospitalization diagnostic codes for systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sj\u00f6gren disease, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Estimates of mean annual PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and its components were available from modeling using satellite aerosol optical depth images and ground\u2010based observations. Exposures were assigned to each resident based on six\u2010character postal codes, updated over time. Cox models (adjusted for age, sex, year, socioeconomic status, Local Service Network, and urban\/rural region) generated hazard ratios (HRs) for PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and its seven components. Quantile\u2010based g\u2010computational models with similar adjustments were used to estimate marginal HRs for the mixture of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      components.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied 7,482,397 Quebec residents. Over 98,039,305 person\u2010years, 55,267 SARDs cases were identified. Using quantile g\u2010computational models, the adjusted SARDs HR for a one\u2010decile increase in PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      components was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 1.00\u20131.02). Among the seven components, ammonium contributed most to SARDs risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This large general population cohort study suggests that ambient PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      (and ammonium in particular) may be associated with SARDs incidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T02:35:44Z","timestamp":1749782144000},"page":"1778-1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Risk: Association With Long\u2010Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Mareva","family":"Geslin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique H\u00f4pital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health, University of Montreal and Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux du Centre\u2010Sud\u2010de\u2010l\u2019\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naizhuo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhadji Anassour","family":"Laouan Sidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux du Centre\u2010Sud\u2010de\u2010l\u2019\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Universit\u00e9 Laval and Bureau d'information et d\u2019\u00e9tudes en sant\u00e9 des populations, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Smargiassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health, University of Montreal, and Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux du Centre\u2010Sud\u2010de\u2010l\u2019\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al, and Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) ozone nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. 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