{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:59:59Z","timestamp":1784869199309,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lupus nephritis (LN) is characterized by a variable disease course, necessitating continuous monitoring. There is an urgent need to identify noninvasive biomarkers. By reviewing and critically assessing the quality of existing studies on LN biomarkers correlating with histopathology, we here explore the challenges in promoting their use in clinical practice and identify promising candidates for future validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted, including studies on adult patients with biopsy\u2010proven LN published between 2012 and 2024. The search focused on studies demonstrating correlations between biomarkers and histologic findings, particularly the National Institutes of Health activity and chronicity indices, the International Society of Nephrology\/Renal Pathology Society histologic classes, and specific active and chronic lesions. The quality of selected articles was assessed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using a standardized scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010three articles investigating the potential utility of &gt;100 biomarkers were selected. In quality assessment, 68% of the articles were weak or very weak (score &lt;5, scale 2\u20139). From the remaining articles (adequate or robust) we identified five biomarkers with a potential for implementation in clinical practice: transforming growth factor \u03b21, pentraxin\u20103, (soluble) CD163, CD11b, and interleukin\u201016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methodologic heterogeneity across studies and the overall moderate score of the quality of the articles represent obstacles to the implementation of new biomarkers into clinical practice. The LN working group advocates further research on selected biomarkers that demonstrated good capacity to reflect specific histopathologic features outperforming traditional tests. At present, the choice of biomarkers that perform to these standards is very limited.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art43427-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:40:51Z","timestamp":1761896451000},"page":"548-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biomarkers of Lupus Nephritis Histopathology: Where Do We Stand?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9782-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Querin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences \u201cMario Serio,\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Palazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes B.","family":"Fogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R. W.","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Lightstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad H.","family":"Rovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya V.","family":"Seshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New 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