{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:50:16Z","timestamp":1779223816635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111\u20102341\u2010B\u2010006\u2010066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111\u20102341\u2010B\u2010006\u2010066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113\u20102628\u2010B\u2010006\u2010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113\u20102628\u2010B\u2010006\u2010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To weigh higher\u2010dose hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; \u2265400 mg\/day) and lower\u2010dose HCQ (&lt;400 mg\/day) for effectiveness and safety among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide study retrieved data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2010 to 2021. We included patients with SLE aged over 10 years and initiating HCQ who had no other systemic autoimmune disease at baseline and no historical outcomes of interest. Patients were classified into higher\u2010dose (\u2265400 mg\/day) or lower\u2010dose (&lt;400 mg\/day) treatment strategies based on the dosage of their first HCQ prescription. The outcomes were coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), end\u2010stage renal disease, malignancy, and HCQ retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight hundred seventy\u2010eight (3.77%) patients taking higher\u2010dose HCQ and 22,405 (96.22%) taking lower\u2010dose HCQ were included. After inverse probability weighting, higher\u2010dose HCQ was associated with lower risks of CAD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80\u20130.93) and VTE (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.33\u20130.49). We found no dose\u2010related difference in the risk of ischemic stroke, end\u2010stage renal disease, malignancy, and HCQ retinopathy through a mean follow\u2010up of six years, except for the HCQ retinopathy among patients with SLE aged over 45 years (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.45\u20132.42).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patients with SLE, higher\u2010dose HCQ improves effectiveness, with reduced risks of CAD and VTE. There was no dose\u2010related difference in the risk of HCQ retinopathy for patients with SLE aged younger than 45 years. Our study emphasizes the need for weighing the benefits and risks of optimal HCQ dosage in managing SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T02:40:56Z","timestamp":1766371256000},"page":"1114-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Weighing Dose\u2010Related Benefits and Risks of Hydroxychloroquine Treatment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7445-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Meng\u2010Hsun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Population Health Data Center, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Horung","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Data Center, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Cheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swu\u2010Jane","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at 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