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We used weighted logistic regression to assess single PFAS (continuous and quartiles) and quantile g\u2010computation to assess the PFAS mixture in relation to our primary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were primarily female (58%) and on average aged 62 years and overweight (mean body mass index\u00a0=\u00a028.6 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Participants with higher perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA; continuous variables) had greater odds of incident symptomatic HOA (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] per interquartile range increment: PFDA 1.12 [1.05\u20131.20]; PFNA 1.07 [1.00\u20131.13]), but associations were not monotonic when these PFAS were represented in quartiles. Participants with higher perfluorohexane sulfonic acid had lower odds of incident HOA (eg, OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.88\u20131.00] per interquartile range increment). We observed no other consistent associations between PFAS and either outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed possible associations of PFDA and PFNA serum concentrations with symptomatic HOA incidence, but we otherwise found no consistent evidence that greater PFAS concentrations relate to a greater chance of developing HOA incidence or progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T06:50:18Z","timestamp":1766472618000},"page":"1076-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Per\u2010 and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Hand Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-4273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Driban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences UMass Chan Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Rokoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research  Westbrook Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences UConn Health  Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"McAlindon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine UMass Chan Medical 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