{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:30:28Z","timestamp":1786977028200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 ES0070480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES0070480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp;amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence in a racially and ethnically diverse population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis included 42,152 California Multiethnic Cohort participants, aged \u226565 years (&gt;70% African American and Latino adults) who were enrolled in the Fee For Service component of Medicare (2001\u20132018). We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the associations of time\u2010varying air pollutants based on spatiotemporal models with RA incidence (n\u00a0=\u00a02,027) after adjusting for demographics, neighborhood socioeconomic status, smoking, work, and other exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RA incidence increased with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with diameter \u22642.5 \u03bcm (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) (hazard ratio [HR] per 2 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16\u20131.23]) and nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) (HR per 10 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.44 [95% CI 1.35\u20131.52]). Air pollutant levels and risk associations were higher in African American and Latino than in Japanese American and White adults (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The RA\u2010PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      association was higher in men (HR 1.23 [95% CI 1.15\u20131.32]) than in women (HR 1.17 [95% CI 1.12\u20131.21];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.06). RA associations with PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      (and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) did not differ by demographics, smoking, or other lifestyle factors, but the HR associated with PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was higher among those with high\u2010risk work (longest occupation in labor\/craftsman work and exposed to \u226510 years in one or more of 13 industries; HR 1.29 [95% CI 1.18\u20131.41]) than those without high\u2010risk work exposures (HR 1.16 [95% CI 1.12\u20131.21];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to PM and gaseous pollution associates with increased RA incidence after age 65 years, particularly among African American and Latino adults. Further characterization of air pollution's contribution to racial and ethnic disparities in RA risk is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70054-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:22:56Z","timestamp":1768227776000},"page":"1425-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Late\u2010Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and Air Pollution in a Multiethnic Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiuchen","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010Yi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology) University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Stram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kami","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology) University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences University of California Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Vigen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica W.","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Gazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology) University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology) University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iona","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Stohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.689698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05908-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.022053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.114694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32832a2e16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-024-01160-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0070-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0069-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8061755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107-1770OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06654-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2024.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011240019516"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Developing an area\u2010based socioeconomic measure from American Community Survey data","author":"Yang J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz107"},{"issue":"188","key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adverse reproductive health outcomes and exposure to gaseous and particulate\u2010matter air pollution in pregnant women","volume":"2016","author":"Wu J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532940"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2024.2404521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-022-00322-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.70054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/art.70054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.70054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:25:24Z","timestamp":1782746724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.70054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.70054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.70054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}