{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:46:51Z","timestamp":1782748011879,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3500202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3500202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82104179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82430056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82430056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp;amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and enthesitis\u2010related arthritis (ERA) are autoimmune bone diseases characterized by prominent heterotopic ossification and both have poor prognoses. The pathologic mechanisms of these diseases remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After single\u2010cell RNA\u2010sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) profiling, we used flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence to quantify and map specific immune\u2010cell subsets within lesions of early rheumatoid arthritis and AS, analyzing a total of 33 patient specimens. Furthermore, we identified a peptide from versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of ligament, to establish an AS mouse model. In the novel model, immune\u2010cell quantification, spatial mapping, and targeted therapies were applied to elucidate the pathogenic roles of key cellular subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Conventional Type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) were enriched in the joints of patients with ERA and exhibited a high level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I antigen presentation, which robustly interact with CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells. Moreover, cDC1s, harboring the molecular of MHC I antigen presentation, were detected in spinal ligament tissue of patients with AS. In mice, versican\u2010derived peptide combined with Type II collagen stably and efficiently elicits a model exhibiting hallmark enthesitis and heterotopic ossification. In this model, cDC1s and IL\u201017A\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells were highly enriched in the ligamentous synovial tissues. Blocking the recruitment of cDC1s through XCL1\u2010neutralizing antibody alleviates arthritis symptoms in vivo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thus, cDC1s promote autoimmune reactions and osteoarticular lesions through IL\u201017A\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells. Targeting cDC1 represents a novel therapeutic target for bone remodeling arthritis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70069-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:25:36Z","timestamp":1770279936000},"page":"1477-1489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>XCR1<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Exacerbate the Inflammation in Osteogenic Arthritis Through\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>17A<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    <scp>CD8<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Fenli","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7116-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonghao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing 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