{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1787721785153,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp;amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large vessel\u2010vasculitis (LVV) accounts for up to 70% of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Stenotic involvement in GCA\u2010LVV remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the long\u2010term outcome and prognosis of GCA with stenotic LVV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective multicenter study of 3,149 patients with GCA, including 198 (6.3%) with stenotic LVV. Hierarchical clustering on principal components was performed on baseline arterial localizations and logistic regression assessed factors associated with vascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stenotic LVV affected mostly the subclavian artery (63%), the carotid artery (58%), vertebral artery (37%), and axillary artery (33%), followed by the femoral artery (30%) and mesenteric arteries (13%). Stroke (31%) was the main complication, followed by limb ischemia (21%), myocardial infarction (4%), and mesenteric ischemia (2%). Cumulative incidence of vascular complications was 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.9\u201318.3), 17.3% (95% CI 12.3\u201322.9), and 19.5% (95% CI 14.3\u201325.4), at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three clusters among which cluster 1 (n = 123; 62%) included older patients with more arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), vertebral artery stenosis, and a higher mortality rate (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.044). In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.10;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0004) and vertebral involvement (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.03\u20133.40;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039) were significantly associated with higher risk of vascular complication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stenotic LVV accounts for less than 10% of GCA and is associated with poor vascular prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70101-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:06:33Z","timestamp":1773000393000},"page":"1920-1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognosis and Long\u2010Term Outcome of Stenotic Large Vessel Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Maalouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F\u201075013, and Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rences Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rences Maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose Inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Inflammation\u2010Immunopathology\u2010Biotherapy Department (DMU 3iD), CIC Biotherapy, INSERM 959, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salpetriere, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9rang\u00e8re","family":"Arnould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine CHU Rouen  Rouen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Espitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine CHU Nantes  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9083-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Deboysson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine CHU Caen  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Systemic Disease Unit CHU Dijon  Dijon Burgundy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Hot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine H\u00f4pital Edouard\u2010Herriot  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Liozon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine CHU Limoges  Limoges 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National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares CeRAINOM\u2010Angers"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Systemic Disease Unit CHU Dijon  Dijon Burgundy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Chiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Gaudric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Redheuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F\u201075013, and Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rences Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rences Maladies Autoinflammatoires et Amylose Inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Inflammation\u2010Immunopathology\u2010Biotherapy Department (DMU 3iD), CIC Biotherapy, INSERM 959, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salpetriere, AP\u2010HP  Paris 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