{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:34:20Z","timestamp":1792427660021,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the pathogenic hallmarks in various subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) using single\u2010cell transcriptomic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on affected skeletal muscle and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls (n\u00a0=\u00a05) and patients with four different IIM subtypes (anti\u2010Mi2\/MDA5\/NXP2 dermatomyositis [DM] and anti\u2010HMGCR immune\u2010mediated necrotizing myopathy [IMNM]; for each subtype, n\u00a0=\u00a03\u20135). Immunohistochemistry and cell cultures were performed to confirm key alterations revealed by the single\u2010cell analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 12 cell types, a reduction in type IIa\/IIx myofiber cells was observed across more inflammatory IIM subtypes. Type I interferon (IFN\u2010I) signaling was selectively hyperactivated in DM, whereas it is not obvious in IMNM. Expression of the transcription factor MEF2C appears to be reduced and associated with delayed myofiber genesis and altered muscle function. Developmental trajectory analysis suggested that two clusters of muscle stem and progenitor cells, MuSCs1 and Myoblasts1, were associated with disruptions in muscle regeneration in IIM, with IFN\u2010I indicated in this aberrant differentiation process. Among immune cells, M1\u2010like macrophages were suggested to interact with muscle cells via tumor necrosis factor signaling, leading to muscle inflammation. Furthermore, CXCL10\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      fibroblasts are likely to recruit the M1\u2010like macrophages through the CCL19\u2010CCR7\/CCRL2 axis. Moreover, we found that peripheral CD14\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes exhibit high IFN activity and polarize into the M1\u2010like phenotype after infiltration into skeletal muscle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides valuable single\u2010cell transcriptomic resources for describing pathologic cell atlas across IIM subtypes. We highlighted not only common changes in IIM (ie, expression of MEF2C and IFN\u2010I) but also outlined distinct characteristics among the four subtypes of IIM.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70185-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:29:46Z","timestamp":1776691786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomic Analysis on Multi\u2010Subtypes of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Reveals Pathologic Hallmarks Associated With Stromal Stem and Immune Cells in Damaged Skeletal Muscles"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Tianjin Medical University 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