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Clinical assessments included skin, pulmonary, vascular, patient\u2010reported, and physician\u2010reported outcomes. Plasma proteins were profiled at baseline and serial post\u2010treatment time points using the SomaScan platform. Differential protein abundance and pathway\u2010level changes were analyzed to explore treatment\u2010associated molecular remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD19 CAR\u2010T cell therapy was associated with manageable safety profiles and sustained clinical improvement across multiple SSc disease domains, including skin involvement and patient\u2010 and physician\u2010assessed disease activity. Treatment induced rapid B cell depletion followed by immune reconstitution. Longitudinal proteomic profiling revealed coordinated changes in proteins and pathways related to inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodeling, and immune regulation. At day 180, differential protein analysis identified treatment\u2010associated shifts in multiple systemic sclerosis\u2013relevant proteins, including down\u2010regulation of proteins linked to profibrotic or inflammatory activity and up\u2010regulation of proteins potentially associated with vascular repair or immune regulation. Pathway\u2010level analyses further supported broad attenuation of inflammatory and fibrotic programs with relative enhancement of repair\u2010associated biologic processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relma\u2010cel therapy in patients with SSc led to early clinical improvement, supported by CAR\u2010T cell expansion, B cell depletion, and a favorable safety profile. Proteomic alterations were associated with the observed clinical improvements and suggested broad remodeling of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:12:14Z","timestamp":1780315934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrated Clinical and Proteomic Profiling of\n                    <scp>CD19<\/scp>\n                    Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5487-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhan","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6810-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenglin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiwei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JW Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co. 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