{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:16:58Z","timestamp":1787915818118,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp;amp; Rheumatology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is not a prototypical autoantibody\u2010mediated disease, accumulating evidence suggests that B cells are involved. This study aimed to investigate the pathway of B cell activation and its contributions to TAK pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histologic analysis of paravascular lymph nodes and affected arteries was conducted to investigate B cell activation pathways in TAK. Bulk RNA\u2010seq, single\u2010cell RNA\u2010seq (scRNA\u2010seq), flow cytometry, and in vitro experiments were performed to characterize the composition, transcriptomic features, and functional profiles of B cells. The numeric and phenotypic alterations induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and JAK inhibition were assessed both in vitro and in four patients with TAK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histologic (n\u00a0=\u00a05), flow cytometric (n\u00a0=\u00a0125), and bulk RNA\u2010seq (n\u00a0=\u00a012) analyses indicated the presence of extrafollicular response and up\u2010regulated age\u2010associated B cell (ABC) production in TAK, along with cross\u2010data set transcriptomic differences between B cells from patients with TAK and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cross\u2010data set scRNA\u2010seq analysis and in vitro experiments (n\u00a0=\u00a05) demonstrated that ABC differentiation in TAK was largely uncoupled from antibody\u2010secreting cell (ASC) generation, unlike that in SLE. Functional experiments showed that ABCs exhibited proinflammatory properties, including proinflammatory cytokine production, and that CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells, which contain the ABC compartment, promoted Th17 cell differentiation (n\u00a0=\u00a06). In vitro, tofacitinib was more effective than adalimumab at reducing ABC proportions and attenuating their proinflammatory phenotype (n\u00a0=\u00a015), consistent with trends in the exploratory clinical follow\u2010up (n\u00a0=\u00a04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ABCs promote inflammation through proinflammatory functions independent of ASC differentiation in TAK. JAK inhibition exerts distinct suppressive effects on ABCs compared with anti\u2010TNF therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70284-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:46:34Z","timestamp":1785833194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Associated B Cells Contribute to Inflammation Via Antibody\u2010Independent Mechanisms in Takayasu Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenglong","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou 362000 Fujian P.R. China"},{"name":"Rare Disease Medical Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou 362000 Fujian Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2504-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou 362000 Fujian P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1511-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC\u2010DID), Ministry of Science &amp; Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01436-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04642-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1021370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2022-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05736-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67867-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","article-title":"Single\u2010cell transcriptomics reveal potent extrafollicular B cell response linked with granzyme K+ CD8 T cell activation in lupus kidney","author":"Wu C","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05989-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1656422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.888763"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"902","article-title":"AMPK hyperactivity maintains the survival of vasculogenic T cells in patients with Takayasu's arteritis","volume":"41","author":"Sun M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01309-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-092419-031130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09021-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-026-00564-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1193-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf8531"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.70284","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/art.70284","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.70284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:31:49Z","timestamp":1787913109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.70284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.70284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.70284","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"art.70284"}}