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Radiographic knee OA was determined by Kellgren\u2013Lawrence (KL) grades. Differential gene expression was analyzed using a control group (KL \u2264 1, n = 326) and two nested case groups: KL \u2265 2 (n = 197) and KL \u2265 3 (n = 112).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, there were 27 and 41 genes associated (false discovery rate \u2264 0.05) with KL \u2265 2 and KL \u2265 3, respectively, and 16 genes significantly associated in both contrasts. For 15 of 16 genes, the association magnitude was larger with more severe OA (KL \u2265 3). Genes associated in both contrasts included\n                      <jats:italic>brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>interferon regulatory factor 2<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Gene sets enriched in KL \u2265 2 and KL \u2265 3 contrasts included DNA repair and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results in older adult SOMMA participants indicate that knee OA is associated with genes and pathways expressed in skeletal muscle that are involved in pain sensitization, BCAA catabolism, muscle function preservation, calcium transport and storage, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additional longitudinal studies will be needed to determine how these genes could affect the progression of knee OA.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/art70341-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:36:58Z","timestamp":1789630618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptomic Profiling in Skeletal Muscle Identifies Associations With Knee Osteoarthritis: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-7687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging Science Sutter Health Research Institute  San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9573-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler A.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging Science Sutter Health Research Institute  San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina 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