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Pedagogical changes, coupled with reductions in curricular time for gross anatomy, pose challenges and impose restrictions within medical school curricula. In order to make anatomy education effective and efficient, it is important to determine the anatomy considered essential for medical education through a targeted needs assessment. In this study, 50 adult primary care resident physicians in family medicine (FM) and internal medicine (IM) were surveyed to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures, or groups of structures, across all anatomical regions from a curated list based on the boldface terms in four primary anatomy texts. There were no statistically significant differences in the ratings of structures between the two groups for any anatomical region. In total, 17.0% of structures, or groups of structures, were classified as <jats:italic>essential<\/jats:italic>, 58.0% as <jats:italic>more important<\/jats:italic>, 24.4% as <jats:italic>less important<\/jats:italic>, and 0.7% as <jats:italic>not important<\/jats:italic>. FM residents rated tissues classified as skeleton, nerves, fasciae, anatomical spaces, blood vessels, lymphatics, and surface anatomy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) significantly higher than IM residents, but there were no differences in the rating of muscles or organs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.0056). It was notable that 100.0% of cranial nerves were classified as <jats:italic>essential<\/jats:italic>, and 94.5% of surface anatomy structures were classified as <jats:italic>essential<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>more important<\/jats:italic>. It is proposed that results of this study can serve to inform curricular development and revision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T12:45:23Z","timestamp":1673268323000},"page":"504-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Needs assessment of essential anatomy: The perspective of adult primary care resident physicians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-4206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark H.","family":"Hankin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Sciences Education Center Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek J.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Martindale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Medical Education University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iuliana","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health William Beaumont Hospital  Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Aschmetat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Oaklawn Hospital  Marshall Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Oaklawn Hospital  Marshall Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy N.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Heart Group at St. Joseph Mercy (Trinity Health)  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Hanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Penn State Milton S. 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