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While 3D virtual models and virtual reality platforms offer a promising approach to teaching anatomy, their cost and specialized equipment pose limitations, especially in disadvantaged areas. A simpler alternative is to use virtual 3D models displayed on regular screens, but they lack immersion, realism, and stereoscopic vision. To address these challenges, we developed an affordable method utilizing smartphone\u2010based 360\u00b0 photogrammetry, virtual camera recording, and stereoscopic display (anaglyph or side\u2010by\u2010side technique). In this study, we assessed the feasibility of this method by subjecting it to various specimen types: osteological, soft organ, neuroanatomical, regional dissection, and a dedicated 3D\u2010printed testing phantom. The results demonstrate that the 3D models obtained feature a complete mesh with a high level of detail and a realistic texture. Mesh and texture resolutions were estimated to be approximately 1 and 0.2\u2009mm, respectively. Additionally, stereoscopic animations were both feasible and effective in enhancing depth perception. The simplicity and affordability of this method position it as a technique of choice for creating easily photorealistic anatomical models combined with stereoscopic depth visualization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:13:02Z","timestamp":1710555182000},"page":"864-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three\u2010dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5562-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Morichon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Dannhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm  Tours France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Barantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Destrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm  Tours France"},{"name":"CHRU de Tours  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6037-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor Lima","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"867","article-title":"Perception and attitude of medical students towards cadaveric dissection in anatomical science education","volume":"31","author":"Asante EA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2022-0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-021-02822-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-022-00665-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14227-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Abdomen. 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