{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:12:27Z","timestamp":1790439147758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this article, we introduce a new virtual application that offers an interactive model of the brain for neuroanatomy education. Through a dual\u2010platform architecture, the application can be downloaded on both desktop and mobile devices, with the mobile app leveraging unique capacities of modern handheld systems to deploy the brain model in augmented reality. In addition to illustrating complex spatial relationships between internal brain structures, vasculature, and cranial nerves, the application integrates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data into the user interface. MRI series in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes can be superimposed directly onto the brain model, allowing students to engage with two\u2010dimensional MRI slices in three\u2010dimensional space. While previous virtual tools have offered a similar superimposition, none have done so through a mobile app, downloadable on handheld devices and suited to the modern student. The benefits of this function on students' spatial understanding and identification of neural structures on MRI slices remain understudied. The aim of this article is to describe the functionality of our dual\u2010platform application, to outline its potential strengths as an educational tool, and to address possible directions for improvement following future assessments of the app's utility. Our ultimate goal is to offer a preliminary introduction to a new system that seeks to support users' understanding of three\u2010dimensional neuroanatomy and aims to enhance their ability to read an MRI of the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T22:55:18Z","timestamp":1741647318000},"page":"365-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Design of an interactive brain model for neuroanatomy education and\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5857-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan P.","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Bilbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matea","family":"Zuljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiana\u2010Roxana","family":"Pur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Eagleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7096-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"de Ribaupierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-005-1256-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2008.04826.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2004.01795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159x.2018.1451629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1696"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1733992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670\u2010015\u20100115\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-020-00990-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Development of a Web\u2010Based 3D Module for Enhanced Neuroanatomy Education","volume":"220","author":"Allen LK","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Spatial ability and training in virtual neuroanatomy","volume":"184","author":"Plumley L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"An interactive program to conceptualize the anatomy of the internal brainstem in 3D","volume":"184","author":"Pedersen K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2016.1147538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-013-0107-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4800-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453050903557359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2017.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-014-9526-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Virtual technologies to develop visual\u2010spatial abilities in engineering students","volume":"13","author":"Roca\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez C","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Math Sci Technol Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Teaching anatomy","author":"Wilson TD","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-10-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Evaluation of neuroanatomical training using a 3D visual reality model","volume":"173","author":"Brewer DN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"KrebsC FejtekM.3D reconstructions.2024. University of British Columbia. Available from:http:\/\/www.neuroanatomy.ca\/3Dreconstructions.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"1030","article-title":"The visible human project: a resource for anatomical visualization","volume":"52","author":"Ackerman MJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","unstructured":"Visage Imaging.Amira. Version 5.1. [Software].2021. Available from:https:\/\/www.visageimaging.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","unstructured":"Unity Technologies.Unity 3D. Version 2020.3.33f1. [Software].2020. Available from:https:\/\/unity.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"Blender Foundation.Blender. Version 2.83. [Software].2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.blender.org\/download\/releases\/2\u201083\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","unstructured":"Unity Technologies.AR Foundation. Version 5.0.7. [Software].2021. Available from:https:\/\/docs.unity3d.com\/Packages\/com.unity.xr.arfoundation@5.0\/manual\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE 30th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","author":"Ghandorh H","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","unstructured":"Apple Inc.Xcode. Version 14.3. [Software].2023. Available from:https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/xcode\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"Apple Inc.TestFlight. Version 3.2.4. [Software].2023. Available from:https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/testflight\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-016-9619-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","unstructured":"BrainVoyager.Brain Tutor 3D. [Internet].2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.brainvoyager.com\/Mobile\/BrainTutor3D_iOS.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","unstructured":"UpSurgeOn.Head Atlas. [Internet].2021. Available from:https:\/\/store.upsurgeon.com\/pages\/head\u2010atlas\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","unstructured":"TolTech.VH Dissector Pro (Version 6.5). [Computer software].2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.toltech.net\/products\/vh\u2010dissector"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00405840802577544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09570-w"}],"container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ase.70009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:10:00Z","timestamp":1759947000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ase.70009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ase.70009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.70009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-9772","1935-9780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-9772","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-9780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}