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This study assessed the anatomy learning performance of first\u2010year medical students in both theoretical and practical examinations before, during, and after COVID\u201019 lockdowns and surveyed their perceptions and experiences of online anatomy courses. Participants comprised 725 first\u2010year medical students, with 435 from the Polish Division (PD) and 290 from the English Division (ED), and were initially organized into four cohorts according to the anatomy course completion year: 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Looking into educators' and students' teaching and learning experiences during the pandemic, a major performance reduction was observed among students learning online, which lasted throughout the academic year following the resumption of in\u2010person classes. The practical aspects of online examinations using digital images showed the most pronounced reduction in performance, whereas the change in theoretical examination scores was less marked. The shift to online learning exposed underlying curriculum shortcomings that persisted even after the return to in\u2010person classes, highlighting the need for comprehensive curricular revisions to sustain improvements in anatomy education. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on constantly improving the efficacy and quality of teaching and learning anatomy in the ever\u2010changing medical education landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T03:30:23Z","timestamp":1760671823000},"page":"46-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Medical students' examinations during the pandemic: Performance and perceptions of anatomy teaching and learning before, during, and after\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 lockdowns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ciucias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Warmia and Mazury University  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-8236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Polak\u2010Boro\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Warmia and Mazury University  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelina","family":"\u0141opi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Warmia and Mazury University  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3039-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Gielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Warmia and Mazury University  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0574-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"\u017burada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Individual Specialist Medical Practice  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14020189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02208-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2004.01795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcthiT StegerF KernM ReuterK HalbherrT PiendlT.Competence\u2010oriented exams using virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI).2023. 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