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Moreover, critical observation and spatial awareness are vital for learner understanding of three\u2010dimensional anatomical structures and relationships. However, there are logistical barriers to curricular integration of teaching that explicitly targets these skills.\n                    <jats:italic>Exploring 3D Anatomy<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an open online course, collaboratively produced at two universities in the United Kingdom and South Africa, and available free of charge to institutional and non\u2010institutional users via Canvas (Instructure Europe, London, UK). The course is designed to develop three\u2010dimensional spatial awareness remotely, using accessible household objects and art\u2010based learning.\n                    <jats:italic>Exploring 3D Anatomy<\/jats:italic>\n                    is underpinned by pedagogical principles including multimodal, experiential, and social learning; critical observation and visualization; and evidence\u2010informed art\u2010based learning approaches including\n                    <jats:italic>Haptico\u2010visual observation and drawing<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Observe\u2010reflect\u2010draw\u2010edit\u2010repeat<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A phenomenological study was implemented to investigate learner perceptions of the pedagogical, social, and practical elements of\n                    <jats:italic>Exploring 3D Anatomy<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Undergraduate medical students (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098) at a United Kingdom medical school participated in two focus groups. Combined themes were constructed using double\u2010coding and interpretative phenomenological analysis. A nested set of four themes was produced, each comprising a dichotomy or spectrum of views between opposing sub\u2010themes: Inquiry (Strategic\u2013Exploratory); Dialogue (Knowledge\u2013Understanding); Cognition (Compartmental\u2013Conceptual); Experience (Novice\u2013Advanced). This work provides insights and implications for educators seeking to provide training in important but neglected skills beyond the boundaries of formal curricula, through implementation of flexible, accessible, and remote learning and training strategies in anatomical education.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:37:35Z","timestamp":1781239055000},"page":"1611-1632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    anatomy: A free online course supporting novice learner inquiry and spatial conceptualization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"The James 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