{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:46:36Z","timestamp":1791693996939,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Over three decades since its introduction, the Thiel embalming method remains a widely used and praised technique in anatomical education and clinical training. This study compared for the first time the Thiel original protocol (TO) and a Modified version (TM) across user groups\u2014undergraduate medical students, student demonstrators in anatomy, postgraduate trainees, and expert anatomists\u2014to evaluate tissue quality and educational suitability. A total of 520 participants assessed both methods based on tissue preservation, color, pliability, and achievement of learning objectives. Undergraduate medical students and demonstrators rated TO significantly higher than TM in all domains (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), highlighting its lifelike appearance, clear anatomical definition, and superior dissection properties. Anatomists supported these findings, citing better tissue realism and structural integrity in TO specimens. Postgraduate users, mainly orthopedic surgeons, rated both methods similarly for musculoskeletal and nervous tissues, but preferred TO for the clarity of visceral organs (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). While TM offered improvements for musculoskeletal training, users reported challenges including overly soft viscera, liquefied fat, and reduced structural clarity, making it less suitable for beginners. Both TO and TM were rated superior to formaldehyde\u2010 or ethanol\u2010based techniques in terms of educational utility and realism. Qualitative feedback confirmed TO as better suited for undergraduate anatomy education, particularly for dissection. TM, though valuable in specialized postgraduate training, was seen as less appropriate for novice learners. The findings highlight the need to align embalming protocols with educational goals and experience levels, with TO remaining the preferred method for foundational anatomical training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:41:14Z","timestamp":1782819674000},"page":"1682-1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From classroom to clinic: Evaluating the educational utility of two Thiel embalming methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Antipova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Siwetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Manhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Vice\u2010Rector for Studies and Teaching Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Division of Biomechatronics Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU)  Chemnitz and Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80346-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22222"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022016000400044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2025.152403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0477-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2022.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2013.839950"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20484"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AeschtE B\u00fcchl\u2010ZimmermannS BurmesterA D\u00e4nhardt\u2010PfeifferS DeselC HamersC et\u00a0al.Romeis Mikroskopische Technik.2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-8274-2254-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"A technique for measurement of attitudes","volume":"140","author":"Likert R","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-020-00545-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-022-02895-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-022-00650-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07523-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0703-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.28.1_supplement.914.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23491"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2023.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000004461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-025-00872-z"}],"container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ase.70300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ase.70300","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ase.70300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:05:14Z","timestamp":1791691514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ase.70300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ase.70300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.70300","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-9772","1935-9780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-9772","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-9780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}