{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:05:11Z","timestamp":1789578311884,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human anatomy dissection laboratory is a critical component of anatomical and medical education. Development, maintenance, and stocking of these laboratory spaces have unique demands, with all of the challenges in running a laboratory with Biosafety Laboratory Level 2 (BSL\u20102) classification, housing a large volume of tissues saturated with volatile chemicals, and safeguarding human beings all within the same space. At times, educators or laboratory managers may be tasked with helping to design a new anatomy laboratory from scratch, to give input on the renovation of an existing laboratory space (which may or may not have been used with human anatomy donors previously), or may inherit a human anatomy laboratory space as their own to manage. This Guide was written by members of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) Anatomical Donor Stewardship (ADS) Lab Resources Subcommittee to guide those developing new anatomy dissection laboratories or working in existing ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:45:56Z","timestamp":1789577156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissecting the dissection laboratory: Elements for designing a human anatomy laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhiannon E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4322-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbey","family":"Breckling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5087-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle N.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9179-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Geske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhan","family":"Gharaibeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3200-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobbie J.","family":"Leeper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Physician Assistant Programs Seton Hill University  Greensburg Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Ostwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences Arapahoe Community College  Littleton Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2610-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Kentucky University  Highland Heights Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1837-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridgett","family":"Severt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology Wright State University &amp; Boonshoft School of Medicine  Dayton Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6287-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Health Sciences Briar Cliff University  Sioux City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9321-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. P.","family":"Swigart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Carle Illinois College of Medicine  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3689-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Wisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Zolnierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences Kansas City University  Joplin Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Grachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2015.48.3.153","article-title":"Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era","volume":"48","author":"Ghosh SK","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anat Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102929.2006.02625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/anatomia4020009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10912\u2010025\u201009937\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ASE.1836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20118"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1250","article-title":"Anatomy education in Namibia: balancing facility design and curriculum development","volume":"5","author":"Wessels Q","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1946","article-title":"Creating a human gross anatomy laboratory: the experience at a primarily undergraduate institution","volume":"13","author":"Zdilla MJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.63593\/JIMR.2788-7022.2025.04.010","article-title":"High price of perfection that is anatomy: why studying and teaching the human body is a financial muscle","volume":"4","author":"Gabriel AG","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Innov Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302241301590","article-title":"Formaldehyde levels and the indoor air quality of an anatomy dissection hall with different ventilation setups","volume":"18","author":"Handady G","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"issue":"350","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2020.11.002","article-title":"Local exhaust ventilation systems for the gross anatomy laboratory","volume":"105","author":"Zdilla MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1307","article-title":"Perceptions of a mobile technology on learning strategies in the anatomy laboratory","volume":"6","author":"Mayfield CH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"American Association for Anatomy.Gross anatomy lab design. n.d. Available from:https:\/\/www.anatomy.org\/ANATOMY\/ANATOMY\/Resources\/Gross\u2010Anatomy\u2010Laboratory\u2010Design.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"Human Anatomy & Physiology Society.Human body lab design process. n.d.\u2010a. Available from:https:\/\/membership.hapsweb.org\/general\/custom.asp?page=HumanBodyLabDesign"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1806-5","article-title":"Integrated virtual and cadaveric dissection laboratories enhance first year medical students' anatomy experience: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Darras KE","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24213","article-title":"Enhancing medical anatomy education with the integration of virtual reality into traditional lab settings","volume":"38","author":"Neyem A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10245","article-title":"Improved dissection efficiency in the human gross anatomy laboratory by the integration of computers and modern technology","volume":"17","author":"Reeves RE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"Department of Health & Human Services.Biosafety Levels & Lab Safety Guidelines. n.d. Available from:https:\/\/aspr.hhs.gov\/S3\/Pages\/Biosafety\u2010Level\u2010Requirements.aspx. Accessed 12 Dec 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980080113"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5455\/umj.20210630104636","article-title":"Handling asthmatic students in the dissection hall","volume":"7","author":"Onigbinde OA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ulutas Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092190202","article-title":"Exposure to formaldehyde in anatomy: an occupational health hazard?","volume":"219","author":"Pabst R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22623"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1486","article-title":"A review of adverse pregnancy outcomes and formaldehyde exposure in human and animal studies","volume":"34","author":"Collins JJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2026.152813","article-title":"Formaldehyde use in the anatomy laboratory and the pregnant or breastfeeding student dissector navigating the challenges of toxicological uncertainty and institutional policy","volume":"266","author":"Hammer N","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70005","article-title":"Dissecting the impact of anatomy lab policies on pregnant medical students","volume":"38","author":"Wozniak K","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Virtual dissection: alternative to cadaveric dissection for a pregnant nurse anesthesia student","volume":"6","author":"Washmuth NB","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Prof Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"Human body decomposition","author":"Hayman J","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","unstructured":"Anapath.Material Safety Data Sheet Section\u00a01. Chemical product and company identification. n.d. Available from:https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/MSDS_Formalin.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","unstructured":"OSHA.1910.1048 App A\u2014Substance Technical Guidelines for Formalin | Occupational Safety and Health Administration.2013Feb. Available from:https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws\u2010regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1910\/1910.1048AppA"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","unstructured":"Cameo Chemicals.Formaldehyde solution flammable. n.d. Available from:https:\/\/cameochemicals.noaa.gov\/chemical\/769. Accessed 1 Apr 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2011)Laboratory Safety Guidance. (OSHA 3404\u201011R). U.S. Department of Labor. osha.gov"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"FDA\/NIOSH.Sharps Disposal Containers in Health Care Facilities | FDA.2021Apr. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical\u2010devices\/safely\u2010using\u2010sharps\u2010needles\u2010and\u2010syringes\u2010home\u2010work\u2010and\u2010travel\/sharps\u2010disposal\u2010containers\u2010health\u2010care\u2010facilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJBx09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08828032.1988.10390258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365\u20102222.2000.00721.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","unstructured":"ANSI Standards.ANSI\/ISEA Z87.1\u20102020: Current Standard for Safety Glasses\u2014The ANSI Blog. n.d.\u2010b. Available from:https:\/\/blog.ansi.org\/ansi\/ansi\u2010isea\u2010z87\u20101\u20102020\u2010safety\u2010glasses\u2010eye\u2010protection\/. Accessed 11 Dec 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","unstructured":"ANSI Standards.ANSI Z358.1\u20102014: Learn About the ANSI Eyewash Standard\u2014ANSI Blog. n.d.\u2010a. Available from:https:\/\/blog.ansi.org\/ansi\/ansi\u2010z358\u20101\u2010emergency\u2010eyewash\u2010station\u2010shower\/. Accessed 11 Dec 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3946\/KJME.2011.23.4.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/WJC.V2.I10.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","unstructured":"Human Anatomy & Physiology Society.Student accommodations handbook. n.d.\u2010b. Available from:https:\/\/www.hapsweb.org\/teaching\u2010resource\u2010hub\/student\u2010accommodations\u2010handbook\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.CHAS.9B00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21692\/haps.2025.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.52547\/JCBioR.2.2.74","article-title":"Decrease of microbial contamination by application of routinely glycerol and phenol solution on human cadavers","volume":"2","author":"Langroudi MF","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Curr Biomed Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598\u2010022\u201013452\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/APP14041581"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092240413","article-title":"Technique for reconstituting fixed cadaveric tissue","volume":"224","author":"Blaney SP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199502000-00029","article-title":"The use of fabric softener in neurosurgical prosections","volume":"36","author":"Krishnamurthy S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CA.22585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CA.22392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201087779\u20108_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AANAT.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ASE.1270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S41205\u2010020\u201000076\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00268\u2010016\u20103814\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2024.1301511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3898.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JPOR.2016.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ASE.1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S41205\u2010025\u201000292\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/JMLA.2017.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","volume-title":"Embalming: history, theory, and practice","author":"Gee\u2010Mascarello SL","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/HIS.2001.24.3.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24857\/RGSA.V19N10\u2010018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJAMR.IJAMR_316_24"}],"container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ase.70344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ase.70344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ase.70344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:46:04Z","timestamp":1789577164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ase.70344"}},"subtitle":["The Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (\n                    <scp>HAPS<\/scp>\n                    )\u2014Anatomical Donor Stewardship (\n                    <scp>ADS<\/scp>\n                    ) Committee, Lab Resources Subcommittee"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ase.70344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.70344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-9772","1935-9780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-9772","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-9780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ase.70344"}}