{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:50:15Z","timestamp":1791521415701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anatomical Sciences Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In response to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at McGill University initiated blended curriculum delivery for first\u2010year medicine and dentistry students in anatomy, combining limited hands\u2010on dissection with online laboratory\u2010adjacent activities using a 3D software application. This study evaluated the efficacy of this approach using the 3P (presage\u2013process\u2013product) model of learning, comparing students' perceptions of course experience (presage), their scores on deep and surface approach to learning scales (process), and laboratory examination performance (product) between the in\u2010person and online teaching formats. Regarding presage factors, two independent Q\u2010methodology analyses each revealed three distinct learner profiles within the in\u2010person (hands\u2010on, independent, or conflicted learners) and online (isolated, dissatisfied, pro\u2010online learners) cohorts that highlighted shared viewpoints and attitudes among groups of learners in each environment. With respect to process, no significant differences were noted in surface approach to learning scores; however, a significant decline in deep approach to learning scores (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.021) was noted among students who began with dissection\u2010based teaching then transitioned to online laboratory sessions. No significant differences in grades, the product, were noted between cohorts in the in\u2010person versus online environments (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.647). Overall, students were generally able to adapt to either teaching format; however, their diversity in learning preferences impacted their motivation, engagement in course activities, and quality of learning outcomes. As such, offering diversity of choice between in\u2010person and online course elements in future iterations may optimize student success, outcomes, and enjoyment in learning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.70377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:21:56Z","timestamp":1791519716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Q\u2010methodology and the\n                    <scp>3P<\/scp>\n                    model of learning to evaluate medicine and dentistry students' experiences with a blended anatomy laboratory design"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jobanpreet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6573-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayssa","family":"Moukarzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Gilbert and Rose\u2010Marie School of Medicine Lebanese American University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2012-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Laggis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffroy","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean C.","family":"McWatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03263-6","article-title":"A review of coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019)","volume":"87","author":"Singhal T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Impact of government\u2010imposed social distancing measures on COVID\u201019 morbidity and mortality around the world","author":"Le 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