{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:44:17Z","timestamp":1787165057114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry \u0097 An Asian Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lithium\u2010ion batteries (LIBs) represent the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art technology in rechargeable energy\u2010storage devices and they currently occupy the prime position in the marketplace for powering an increasingly diverse range of applications. However, the fast development of these applications has led to increasing demands being placed on advanced LIBs in terms of higher energy\/power densities and longer life cycles. For LIBs to meet these requirements, researchers have focused on active electrode materials, owing to their crucial roles in the electrochemical performance of batteries. For anode materials, compounds based on Group\u2005IVA (Si, Ge, and Sn) elements represent one of the directions in the development of high\u2010capacity anodes. Although these compounds have many significant advantages when used as anode materials for LIBs, there are still some critical problems to be solved before they can meet the high requirements for practical applications. In this Focus Review, we summarize a series of rational designs for Group\u2005IVA\u2010based anode materials, in terms of their chemical compositions and structures, that could address these problems, that is, huge volume variations during cycling, unstable surfaces\/interfaces, and invalidation of transport pathways for electrons upon cycling. These designs should at least include one of the following structural benefits: 1)\u2005Contain a sufficient number of voids to accommodate the volume variations during cycling; 2)\u2005adopt a \u201cplum\u2010pudding\u201d\u2010like structure to limit the volume variations during cycling; 3)\u2005facilitate an efficient and permanent transport pathway for electrons and lithium ions; or 4)\u2005show stable surfaces\/interfaces to stabilize the in\u2005situ formed SEI layers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201300279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T12:29:16Z","timestamp":1367843356000},"page":"1948-1958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Rational Design of Anode Materials Based on Group\u2005IVA Elements (Si, Ge, and Sn) for Lithium\u2010Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xing\u2010Long","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Guo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Jun","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200800627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201104502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee21746e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja210924t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201201429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201201429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ee00777c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01388b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ee00559b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201000035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2009.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am301202a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200802998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp212063e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808080t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp309000r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201202146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0EE00281J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(96)02547-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2003.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl201470j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(12)70115-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1nr10581g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"J.\u2005S. Chen X.\u2005W. Lou Small\u00ad2013 DOI:."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ce25349f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200700621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201107885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201107885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201103842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja2004329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200600733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201201601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl100086e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl902058c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203572n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn901409q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2017167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100963j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201100519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am101169k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am3010253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0EE00552E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201108915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201108915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200804355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200804355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201100380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200700748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc30294b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra20170d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm11902h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201200180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8058307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm01027h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200801386"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200702505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200702505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra01183b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp201691g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201100057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp208158m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc32033a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2010.08.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2006.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra00002d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200703122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CE05950E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2010.12.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja208880f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee21580b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1JM14430H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201003017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302114j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm13048j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203480h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300094m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200702928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm12511g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.08.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2011.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn901632g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp204653y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn101196j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee03110h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2011.3525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200900235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100619m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303393p"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm01941k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm00672f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201201173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201103110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201200158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc17061b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am3005576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja211266m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1EE02148F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CC16239C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_2","unstructured":"X. Zhou L.\u2010J. Wan Y.\u2010G. Guo Adv. Mater.\u00ad2013 DOI:."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc11968k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm32984k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201001422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn204896n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl202630n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm16167b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm2037475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b921979j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1JM14568A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm900613d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp908244m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm900702d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200901723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_128_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200901723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200701364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200803439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl203817r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm801607e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr30841j"}],"container-title":["Chemistry \u2013 An Asian Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasia.201300279","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asia.201300279","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1759950852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asia.201300279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asia.201300279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asia.201300279","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-4728","1861-471X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-4728","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-471X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]}}}