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Here, we demonstrate that whey powder, a major by\u2010product in the dairy industry, can be used as a sustainable precursor to produce heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts for ORR. Rich N and S compounds in whey powders can generate abundant catalytic active sites. However, these sites are not easily accessible by reactants of ORR. A dual\u2010template method was used to create a hierarchically and interconnected porous structure with micropores created by ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and large mesopores generated by fumed SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> particles. At the optimum mass ratio of whey power: ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009:\u2009SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at 1\u2009:\u20093\u2009:\u20090.8, the resulting carbon material has a large specific surface area close to 2000\u2005m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, containing 4.6\u2005at.% of N with 39.7% as pyridinic N. This carbon material shows superior electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with an electron transfer number of 3.88 and a large kinetic limiting current density of 45.40\u2005mA\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>. They were employed as ORR catalysts to assemble primary zinc\u2010air batteries, which deliver a power density of 84.1\u2005mW\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> and a specific capacity of 779.5\u2005mAh\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, outperforming batteries constructed using a commercial Pt\/C catalyst. Our findings open new opportunities to use an abundant biomaterial, whey powder, to create high\u2010value\u2010added carbon electrocatalysts for emerging energy applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202000399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T14:52:52Z","timestamp":1587999172000},"page":"1881-1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dual\u2010Template Pore Engineering of Whey Powder\u2010Derived Carbon as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Primary Zinc\u2010Air Battery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shunyao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney New South Wales  2006 Darlington 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