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Such an electrode is prepared via directly carbonizing the commercially\u2010available and inexpensive melamine formaldehyde resin sponge in argon, to inherit the well\u2010defined and three\u2010dimensional bi\u2010continuous architecture of the melamine sponge with 99.6% porosity and 40\u2005\u03bcm average pore size. By applying the carbon sponges as the electrodes, it is demonstrated that the vanadium flow battery at 200\u2005mA\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> can yield an energy efficiency of 77.9%, significantly higher than that with commonly\u2010used graphite felt electrodes (72.9%). After a thermal treatment in air, the energy efficiency of carbon sponge can further be improved to 81.2% at mA\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> due to introduction of favorable oxygen containing functionalities. The operating stability with the carbon sponge is proven by a 200\u2005cycling test with minor efficiency decay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202200825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T13:13:15Z","timestamp":1663420395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Flexible Carbon Sponge Electrodes for All Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yunhui","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen 518071 P. R. 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