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As such, it outlines the significance of renewable energy sources and the potential of photovoltaic technologies, particularly organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Objectives include factors affecting power conversion efficiency (PCE), open\u2010circuit voltage (Voc), aggregation tendencies, and optoelectronic properties in OPVs. The scope encompasses the impact of alkyl as well as the comparison between fluorinated and chlorinated polymers and the role of thiophene units to obtain an efficient organic solar cell. The review examines how alkyl chain structures influence thin film morphology, packing, and device performance, comparing linear and branched configurations. It also explores the role of halogenated polymers in modifying electronic properties and stability, focusing on the comparative performance between fluorinated and chlorinated polymers. 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