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However, the current photocatalytic performance of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction cannot match the industrial application. The design of highly efficient photocatalysts with precise selectivity and reliable long\u2010term stability is still a big challenge, partially because the mechanism of photocatalytic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction to guide the design and fabrication, is not completely clear yet. The reduction can involve at most eight electrons for each CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> molecule, during which several pathways might be opened up at the active sites to consume photocarriers to influence the selectivity and stability. The reduction pathways are dependent on the electronic structure and property of active sites, and the photocatalytic performance can be optimized if those pathways are thermodynamically or kinetically compatible for the target production. This review will summarize the strategy for designing the active sites on the surface of photocatalysts and the investigation on the relation between the active sites and pathways for photocatalytic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction, looking ahead at the future development of the photocatalysts and devices for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202500106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T08:19:26Z","timestamp":1744791566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Designing the Active Sites and Tracking the Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pen\u2010Tung Sah Institute of Micro\u2010Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. 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