{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:47:28Z","timestamp":1774511248121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry \u0097 An Asian Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ethanol synthesis from CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is currently a hot topic of research in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been clearly elucidated. We propose that the synthesis involves several other reactions on the electrode surface, as evident by the formation of a mixed potential. In this study, we prepared solid catalysts, Ru\/CoO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CuPd\/C, as the nano\u2010anode and nano\u2010cathode components and carried out CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation in the presence of small amounts of water to facilitate ion conduction. Ethanol was produced along with CO, CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and methanol at reaction temperatures below 473 K in the presence of both the catalysts. The activation energy for ethanol formation with Ru\/CoO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    was found to be 25 \u00b1 5\u00a0kJ mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which was much lower than those for the formations of CO (44 \u00b1 4\u00a0kJ mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (77 \u00b1 7\u00a0kJ mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and methanol (81 \u00b1 9\u00a0kJ mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). In addition, the production of CO was promoted by the encapsulated water. These results also suggest a mixed\u2010potential\u2010driven mechanism for the synthesis of ethanol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202500862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:24:43Z","timestamp":1763130283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Water\u2010Enabled CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Hydrogenation to Ethanol via a Mixed\u2010Potential\u2010Driven Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4465-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Carbon\u2010Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER) Kyushu University  Fukuoka\u2010shi Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuning A. P.","family":"Namari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Carbon\u2010Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER) Kyushu University  Fukuoka\u2010shi Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hinokuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junji","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Carbon\u2010Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER) Kyushu University  Fukuoka\u2010shi Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4472-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Takeyasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University  Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Ibaraki 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