{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:33:21Z","timestamp":1790717601258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,17]],"date-time":"2012-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have recently described four principal pathogenetic components in autism: (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>) circadian and sensory dysfunction, (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) immune abnormalities, (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>) neurodevelopmental delay, and (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>) stereotypic behaviors. Using hierarchical and k\u2010means clustering, the same 245 patients assessed in our principal component analysis can be partitioned into four clusters: (a) 43 (17.6%) have prominent immune abnormalities accompanied by some circadian and sensory issues; (b) 44 (18.0%) display major circadian and sensory dysfunction, with little or no immune symptoms; (c) stereotypies predominate in 75 (31.0%); and (d) 83 (33.9%) show a mixture of all four components, with greater disruptive behaviors and mental retardation. The \u201cimmune\u201d component provides the largest contributions to phenotypic variance (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.7\u2009x\u200910<jats:sup>\u201345<\/jats:sup>), followed by \u201cstereotypic behaviors.\u201d These patient clusters may likely differ in genetic and immune underpinnings, developmental trajectories, and response to treatment. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>2012,\u2022\u2022:\u2022\u2022\u2013\u2022\u2022<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,17]],"date-time":"2012-03-17T23:52:23Z","timestamp":1332028343000},"page":"137-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Cluster Analysis of Autistic Patients Based on Principal Pathogenetic 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