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Autistic individuals show signs of neuroinflammation, altered inflammatory responses, and immune abnormalities throughout life. Mice injected subcutaneously with 600\u2009mg\/kg valproic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>600) at gestational day 12.5 show reduced social interaction in adulthood (at 8 weeks of age), and they have been proposed as a mouse model of autism. Here, we show that these adult animals present signs of chronic glial activation in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Moreover, when they are challenged with a peripheral inflammatory stimulus (intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharides, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>600 animals show an exacerbated inflammatory response. Two hours after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> injection, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>600 animals secrete more corticosterone to the blood than control mice, and show an increase in the levels of expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spleen. After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> challenge, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>600 mice also show signs of increased neuroinflammation compared with control mice: they have more microglial cells in the hippocampus, and they show higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum. Our results provide evidence of basal neuroinflammation and an altered inflammatory response in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content> model of autism. We propose that this model can be used to evaluate the contribution of inflammatory reactivity to autism\u2010related behaviors. These studies will contribute to elucidate the role of the inflammatory alterations observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> individuals. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2013, 7: 273\u2013289.<\/jats:italic> \u00a9 2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nternational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ociety for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>utism <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>iley <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>eriodicals, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:17:58Z","timestamp":1381544278000},"page":"273-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Altered Peripheral and Central Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Luciana","family":"Lucchina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physiology Molecular Biology and Neurosciences CONICET\u2010UBA  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Molecular and Cellular Biology FCEyN University of Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaicha Mara","family":"Depino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physiology Molecular Biology and Neurosciences CONICET\u2010UBA  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Molecular and Cellular Biology FCEyN University of Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80958-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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