{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:26:01Z","timestamp":1793172361793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Waterloo Foundation, Peking University First Hospital"},{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Public Health"},{"name":"Autism Research Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003342","name":"Cambridge Commonwealth Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clare Hall of the University of Cambridge"},{"name":"Great Britain-China Educational Trust"},{"name":"International Development Fund-Cambridge-CUHK Collaboration"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"name":"NIHR CLAHRC for Cambridgeshire"},{"name":"Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"MRC UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Previous studies reported that the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in mainland\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hina is much lower than estimates from developed countries (around 1%). The aim of the study is to apply current screening and standardized diagnostic instruments to a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hinese population to establish a prevalence estimate of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in an undiagnosed population in mainland\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hina. We followed the design development used previously in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    published in 2009 by Baron\u2010Cohen and colleagues. The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    andarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAST<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) was validated by screening primary school pupils (n\u2009=\u2009737 children age 6\u201310 years old) in Beijing and by conducting diagnostic assessments using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2010Revised. The prevalence estimate was generated after adjusting and imputing for missing values using the inverse probability weighting. Response was high (97%). Using the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cutoff (\u226515),\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAST<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    performance has 84% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% confidence interval [\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ]: 46, 98, and 96, 97, respectively). Six out of 103 children, not previously diagnosed, were found to the meet diagnostic criteria (8.5 after adjustment, 95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 1.6, 15.4). The preliminary prevalence in an undiagnosed primary school population in mainland\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hina was 119 per 10,000 (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 53, 265). The utility of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAST<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is acceptable as a screening instrument for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in large epidemiological studies in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hina. Using a comparable method, the preliminary prevalence estimate of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in mainland\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hina is similar to that of those from developed countries.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>2015, 8: 250\u2013260<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u00a9 2015 The Authors. Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T12:17:30Z","timestamp":1430914650000},"page":"250-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    eijing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Cambridge Institute of Public Health University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Autism Research Centre Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research Centre Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona E.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit Cambridge Institute of Public Health  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Auyeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research Centre Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Baron\u2010Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research Centre Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Brayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Cambridge Institute of Public Health University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 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