{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:41:14Z","timestamp":1788622874874,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anxiety is one of the most concerning comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to its high prevalence, negative impact on physical and psychological well\u2010being, and interaction with core deficits of ASD. Current assessment and treatment of anxiety, which rely on the observation of behavior and self\u2010reports, are often ineffective as ASD is associated with deficits in communication and diminished introspective ability. In this light, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been suggested as a marker of physiological arousal associated with anxiety. However, physiological arousal measured by ANS indices also occurs with other cognitive and emotional processes, and it is unclear whether anxiety\u2010related arousal can be differentiated from that related to other cognitive processes. To address this gap, we investigated the use of linear and nonlinear classification techniques for differentiating anxiety\u2010related arousal from arousal due to three cognitive processes (attention, inhibitory control, and social cognition) and physical activity based on electrocardiography signal features. Our results indicate that over 80% classification accuracy can be achieved, suggesting that ANS response can be used as a specific marker of anxiety\u2010related arousal in a subgroup of children with ASD who demonstrate an increase in heart rate in response to anxiogenic stimuli. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>2016, 9: 491\u2013501<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T14:21:44Z","timestamp":1442845304000},"page":"491-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Specificity of autonomic arousal to anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tabitha A.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 3G9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute 150 Kilgour Road Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Brian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute 150 Kilgour Road Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 3G9"},{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute 150 Kilgour Road Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Kushki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 3G9"},{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute 150 Kilgour Road Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual on mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Non\u2010intrusive physiological monitoring for automated stress detection in human\u2010computer interaction","author":"Barreto A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576040190020201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Identifying anxiety states using broad sampling and advanced processing of peripheral physiological information","volume":"42","author":"Blechert J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns A. 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