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Studies have demonstrated E\/I imbalance in individuals with ASD and also corresponding rodent models. One neural process thought to be reliant on E\/I balance is gamma\u2010band activity (Gamma), with support arising from observed correlations between motor, as well as visual, Gamma and underlying GABA concentrations in healthy adults. Additionally, decreased Gamma has been observed in ASD individuals and relevant animal models, though the direct relationship between Gamma and GABA concentrations in ASD remains unexplored. This study combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 27 typically developing individuals (TD) and 30 individuals with ASD. Auditory cortex localized phase\u2010locked Gamma was compared to resting Superior Temporal Gyrus relative cortical GABA concentrations for both children\/adolescents and adults. Children\/adolescents with ASD exhibited significantly decreased GABA+\/Creatine (Cr) levels, though typical Gamma. Additionally, these children\/adolescents lacked the typical maturation of GABA+\/Cr concentrations and gamma\u2010band coherence. Furthermore, children\/adolescents with ASD additionally failed to exhibit the typical GABA+\/Cr to gamma\u2010band coherence association. This altered coupling during childhood\/adolescence may result in Gamma decreases observed in the adults with ASD. Therefore, individuals with ASD exhibit improper local neuronal circuitry maturation during a childhood\/adolescence critical period, when GABA is involved in configuring of such circuit functioning. Provocatively a novel line of treatment is suggested (with a critical time window); by increasing neural GABA levels in children\/adolescents with ASD, proper local circuitry maturation may be restored resulting in typical Gamma in adulthood. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2017, 10: 593\u2013607<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T12:31:07Z","timestamp":1475843467000},"page":"593-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Exploring the relationship between cortical GABA concentrations, auditory gamma\u2010band responses and development in ASD: Evidence for an altered maturational trajectory in ASD"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Russell G.","family":"Port","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia  Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gaetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Bloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dah\u2010Jyuu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Blaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Kuschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Brodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia  Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Adult behavior checklist","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2014fifth edition","author":"American Psychiatric Association (Ed.)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(96)00051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Social responsiveness scale\u2014second Edition","author":"Constantino J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321072111"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_8_13_1.1","unstructured":"Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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