{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:23:14Z","timestamp":1792444994882,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EB015909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB015909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 MH098228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 MH098228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH078160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH078160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB016089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB016089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Abnormal responses to tactile stimuli are a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that GABAergic function, which has a crucial role in tactile processing, is altered in ASD. In this study, we determine whether in vivo GABA levels are altered in children with ASD, and whether alterations in GABA levels are associated with abnormal tactile function in these children.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: GABA\u2010edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired in 37 children with Autism and 35 typically developing children (TDC) from voxels over primary sensorimotor and occipital cortices. Children performed tactile tasks previously shown to be altered in ASD, linked to inhibitory mechanisms. Detection threshold was measured with\u2010 and without the presence of a slowly increasing sub\u2010threshold stimulus. Amplitude discrimination was measured with\u2010 and without the presence of an adapting stimulus, and frequency discrimination was measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Sensorimotor GABA levels were significantly reduced in children with autism compared to healthy controls. Occipital GABA levels were normal. Sensorimotor GABA levels correlated with dynamic detection threshold as well as with the effect of sub\u2010threshold stimulation. Sensorimotor GABA levels also correlated with amplitude discrimination after adaptation (an effect absent in autism) and frequency discrimination in controls, but not in children with autism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: GABA levels correlate with behavioral measures of inhibition. Children with autism have reduced GABA, associated with abnormalities in tactile performance. We show here that altered in vivo GABA levels might predict abnormal tactile information processing in ASD and that the GABA system may be a future target for therapies. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T20:18:54Z","timestamp":1473452334000},"page":"608-619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["Reduced GABA and altered somatosensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nicolaas A.J.","family":"Puts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore Maryland 21287"},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street Baltimore Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ericka L.","family":"Wodka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway Baltimore Maryland 21205"},{"name":"Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Ave Baltimore Maryland 21211"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore Maryland 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore Maryland 21287"},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street Baltimore Maryland 21205"},{"name":"Radiology, University of Calgary, 1403 \u2010 29<sup>th<\/sup> Street N.W Calgary AB T2N 2T9 Canada"},{"name":"CAIR Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 1403 \u2010 29<sup>th<\/sup> Street N.W Calgary AB T2N 2T9 Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deana","family":"Crocetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street Baltimore Maryland 21205"},{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway Baltimore Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tommerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart H.","family":"Mostofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N Broadway Baltimore Maryland 21205"},{"name":"Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Ave Baltimore Maryland 21211"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore Maryland 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.E.","family":"Edden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore Maryland 21287"},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway Street Baltimore Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)71015-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2147-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00288.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-008-0075-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00708.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00346.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/54801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/15.13.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<266::AID-NBM530>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900728106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4489-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00060.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00890.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00455.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","article-title":"Decreased left perisylvian GABA concentration in children with autism and unaffected siblings","author":"Rojas D.C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-6-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<649::AID-MRM2>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","volume-title":"Sensory Processing in the Mammalian Brain: Neural substrates and experimental strategies","author":"Whitsel B.L.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0899022031000083834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385198-7.00012-6"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faur.1691","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faur.1691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.1691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T18:36:02Z","timestamp":1696617362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.1691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.1691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1691","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]}}}