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Intact attentional processing is crucial for the development of social and communication skills. Deficits in attention are therefore likely contributors to the core pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical evidence in ASD is suggestive of impairments in attention and its control, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined sustained, spatially divided attention in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD using the 5\u2010choice serial reaction time task (5\u2010CSRTT). As compared to controls, male and female VPA rats had progressively lower accuracy and higher omissions with increasing attentional demands during 5\u2010CSRTT training, and showed further performance decrements when subjected to parametric task manipulations. It is noteworthy that although VPA exposure induced attentional deficits in both sexes, there were task parameter specific sex differences. Importantly, we did not find evidence of impulsivity or motivational deficits in VPA rats but we did find reduced social preference, as well as sensorimotor deficits that suggest pre\u2010attentional information processing impairments. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining attentional functions in a VPA model. Our work underscores the need for studying both sexes in ASD animal models and validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for mechanistic understanding of aberrant attentional functions and for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>2017, 10: 1929\u20131944<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an established rodent model of autism. Both male and female VPA rats had a range of attentional impairments with sex\u2010specific characteristics. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. Our work validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets for improving attentional performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T16:00:54Z","timestamp":1504022454000},"page":"1929-1944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kumari","family":"Anshu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.D.","family":"Kumaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bindu M.","family":"Kutty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoba","family":"Srinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8147-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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