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The present study examined several such characteristics, as well as positive affect, as predictors of expressive language (EL) gains in a representative sample of preschoolers with ASD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200957) enrolled in a PRT\u2010based community early intervention program. Children's cognitive ability, positive affect, and levels of appropriate toy contact measured at the start of intervention each contributed significantly to the prediction of EL outcomes. Together these variables accounted for 40% of the total outcome variance. In addition, a profile of increased EL ability, positive affect and appropriate toy contact, and decreased social avoidance and stereotyped and repetitive vocalizations was associated with greater gains during intervention. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for understanding both the variable treatment response documented in children with ASD and how to tailor treatment to optimize individual benefit. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Autism Res<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>2018, 11: 153\u2013165<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study examined behavior of 57 preschoolers who made the greatest and least gains from 1 year of a community Pivotal Response Treatment program. Using pre\u2010treatment videos, we saw that children who made the most progress showed more language, positive affect, and appropriate interactions with toys, also less avoidance of people and fewer repetitive vocalizations. Behavior profiles can be used to match treatment to individual children's needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T02:42:42Z","timestamp":1504233762000},"page":"153-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pivotal response treatment for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: Defining a predictor profile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kristin\u2010Lee","family":"Fossum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Neuroscience Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000 Halifax  NS B3H 4R2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loriann","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Neuroscience Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000 Halifax  NS B3H 4R2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Garon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Mount Allison University, 49A York Street Sackville NB E4L 1C7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Bryson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dalhousie University, Autism Research Centre, IWK Health Centre, PO Box 9700 Halifax NS B3J 6R8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dalhousie University, Autism Research Centre, IWK Health Centre, PO Box 9700 Halifax NS B3J 6R8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2511\/rpsd.23.4.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10983007040060040201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2511\/rpsd.32.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)","author":"Constantino J.N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9921-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Fossum K.(2014). 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