{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:23:50Z","timestamp":1757701430748,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Among parents of 2,582 children (ages 4\u201317\u2009years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups and profiles of treatment users and included annual household income in the specification of the models, then described characteristics of each subgroup. Based on three indicators of fit (Akaike's Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Lo\u2013Mendell\u2013Rubin), six latent classes of treatment users emerged. Subgroups included users of: (a) mostly private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types; (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and \u201cother\u201d treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school\u2010based therapies. Income significantly predicted class differences for all but one latent class. Probabilities of families' lifetime use of nine treatment types varied depending on latent classification. Proportions of families reporting having observed children's developmental regression were largest in those with the highest overall treatment use, and these children also had the lowest cognitive and adaptive\u2010functioning scores and the highest ASD symptom scores. Understanding patterns of treatment use among families of children with ASD is an important first step in enhancing treatment\u2010related selection and implementation. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Research<\/jats:bold> 2019, 12: 843\u2013854<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified six different groups of treatment users to help explain patterns in treatment implementation among parents of children and adolescents with autism. These included families who used: (a) mostly used private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types (private and school therapies, intensive behavioral, biomedical, psychotropic medications, and other treatments); (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and \u201cother\u201d treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school\u2010based therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1555416077000},"page":"843-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Using latent class analysis to identify treatment\u2010use subgroups among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3763-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Mire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences University of Houston  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"McQuillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Racine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences University of Houston  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin P.","family":"Goin\u2010Kochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"},{"name":"Autism Center Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0571-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3251-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1164-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0833-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0900D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"2011","volume-title":"U.S. Census Bureau: Current Population Reports, P60\u2010243, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States","author":"DeNavas\u2010Walt C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316650091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2006.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304032"},{"volume-title":"Differential ability scales","year":"2007","author":"Elliott C.","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-3004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2310-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576050200030501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2006.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0674-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2004.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 20 US\/C\u00a71400. (2004). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/idea.ed.gov\/download\/statute.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047-6765(2003)41<329:ATSMCF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25504-0_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318165c7a0"},{"volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation schedule manual","year":"1999","author":"Lord C.","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088357615610547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1044207318766597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/875687051203100302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/073428290302100302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.8.pss6208_0975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","unstructured":"National Conference of State Legislatures. (2018).Autism and insurance coverage: State laws. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/autism-and-insurance-coverage-state-laws.aspx#1."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088357612468028"},{"volume-title":"Autism diagnostic interview\u2010Revised","year":"2003","author":"Rutter M.","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1"},{"volume-title":"Vineland adaptive behavior scales","year":"2005","author":"Sparrow S. S.","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2203-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0323-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0208-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361311413397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.012"},{"volume-title":"Evidence\u2010based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder","year":"2013","author":"Wong C.","key":"e_1_2_7_45_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0383"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faur.2107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.2107","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T13:08:13Z","timestamp":1694351293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.2107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.2107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1939-3792"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-3806"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}