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While for some disorders the linguistic deficit is the primary impairment (e.g., specific language impairment, SLI), for others it may accompany broader behavioral problems (e.g., autism). The precise nature of this phenotypic overlap has been the subject of debate. Moreover, several studies have found genetic overlaps across neurodevelopmental disorders. This raises the question of whether these genetic overlaps may correlate with phenotypic overlaps and, if so, in what manner. Here, we apply a genome\u2010wide approach to the study of the linguistic deficit in SLI, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a discovery genome\u2010wide association study of SLI, we generate polygenic risk scores (PRS) in an independent sample which includes children with language impairment, SLI, ASD or ADHD and age\u2010matched controls and perform regression analyses across groups. The SLI\u2010trained PRS significantly predicted risk in the SLI case\u2013control group (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 6.24%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024) but not in the ASD or ADHD case\u2010control groups (adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.0004%, 0.01%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.984, 0.889, respectively) nor for height, used as a negative control (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.2%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.452). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the normalized PRS between children with SLI and children with ASD (common language effect size = 0.66; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.044). Our study suggests no additive common\u2010variant genetic overlap between SLI and ASD and ADHD. This is discussed in the context of phenotypic studies of SLI and related disorders. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2020, 13: 369\u2013381<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. <jats:italic>Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Language deficits are characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI), but may also be found in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many studies examined the overlaps and differences across the language deficits in these disorders, but few studies have examined the genetic aspect thereof. In this study, we use a genome\u2010wide approach to evaluate whether common genetic variants increasing risk of SLI may also be associated with ASD and ADHD in the same manner. Our results suggest that this is not the case, and we discuss this finding in the context of theories concerning the etiologies of these disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T14:28:43Z","timestamp":1570026523000},"page":"369-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Language deficits in specific language impairment, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of polygenic risk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2309-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron","family":"Nudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. 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J.","family":"Christiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ohland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Jamal","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Section for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoline","family":"Hemager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ditte V.","family":"Ellersgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrine S.","family":"Spang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry \u2013 Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitte K.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry \u2013 Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aja N.","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ditte L.","family":"Gantriis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital  Risskov Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bybjerg\u2010Grauholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens Richardt M.","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry \u2013 Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne A. 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