{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1791965862485,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Motor impairment is not currently included in the diagnostic criteria or evaluation of autism. This reflects the lack of large\u2010scale studies demonstrating its prominence to advocate for change. We examined the prevalence of motor difficulties at the time of diagnosis in a large sample of children with autism utilizing standardized assessment, and the relationship between motor difficulties, core autism symptomology, and other prominent clinical features. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were administered to children from the Western Australian Register for Autism Spectrum Disorders aged \u22646\u2009years (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> =\u20092,084; 81.2% males, 18.8% females). Prevalence of motor difficulties was quantified based on scores from the motor domain of the Vineland and then compared to other domains of functioning within the Vineland (communication, daily living, and socialization), the DSM criteria, intellectual level, age, and gender. Scores on the Vineland indicated that 35.4% of the sample met criteria for motor difficulties (standard score &lt;70), a rate almost as common as intellectual impairment (37.7%). Motor difficulties were reported by diagnosing clinicians in only 1.34% of cases. Motor difficulties were common in those cases meeting diagnostic criteria for impairments in nonverbal behavior and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of motor difficulties also increased with increasing age of diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.001). Findings from the present study highlight the need for further consideration of motor difficulties as a distinct specifier within the diagnostic criteria for ASD. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2020, 13: 298\u2013306<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population\u2010based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged \u22646\u2009years, over one\u2010third met the criteria for motor difficulties, a rate almost as common as intellectual disability. This study demonstrates that motor difficulties are a prominent feature of the autism phenotype requiring further consideration in both the diagnostic criteria and evaluation of autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1571390642000},"page":"298-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":220,"title":["Prevalence of Motor Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a Population\u2010Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Licari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3351-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail A.","family":"Alvares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kandice","family":"Varcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiah L.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan L.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Glasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keely","family":"Bebbington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess E.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Service Western Australian Department of Health  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. 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