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In neurotypical individuals, region\u2010specific concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) are associated with individual differences in attention and perception. While it has been hypothesized that ASD may be associated with an excitatory\u2013inhibitory imbalance, it remains unclear how this may contribute to accelerated visual search performance in individuals with ASD. To investigate this, 21 children with ASD and 20 typically developing children participated in a visual search task and a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study to detect neurochemical concentrations, including GABA. Region\u2010specific neurochemicals were examined in the right frontal eye fields, right temporal\u2013parietal junction (rTPJ), and bilateral visual cortex (VIS). GABA concentrations did not differ between groups; however, in children with ASD, greater GABA concentration in the VIS was related to more efficient search. Additionally, lower VIS GABA levels were also associated with increased social impairment. Finally, we found reduced <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl aspartate, total creatine, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), GABA\/Glx in the rTPJ, suggestive of neuronal dysfunction in a critical network hub. Our results show that GABA concentrations in the VIS are related to efficient search in ASD, thus providing further evidence of enhanced discrimination in ASD. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2020, 13: 550\u2013562<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often perform better than their non\u2010ASD peers on visual search tasks; however, it is unclear how they achieve this superior performance. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure neurochemicals in the brain, we found that the level of one, gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid, in the visual cortex was directly related to search abilities in children with ASD. These results suggest that faster search may relate to enhanced perceptual functioning in children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T17:51:54Z","timestamp":1578419514000},"page":"550-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Superior Visual Search Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Edmondson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana"},{"name":"Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pingyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McNally Keehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Dydak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Keehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04301","article-title":"Pupillometry reveals a mechanism for the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) advantage in visual tasks","volume":"4","author":"Blaser E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain MR spectroscopy in autism spectrum disorder\u2014The GABA excitatory\/inhibitory imbalance theory revisited","volume":"9","author":"Brix M. 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