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However, the majority of the literature to date has focused on children with ASD. Understanding the integrity of white matter tracts in adults may help reveal the nature of ASD pathology in adulthood and the potential contributors to cognitive impairment. This study examined white matter water diffusion using diffusion tensor imaging in relation to neuropsychological measures of cognition in a sample of 45 adults with ASD compared to 20 age, gender, and full\u2010scale\u2010IQ\u2010matched healthy volunteers. Tract\u2010based spatial statistics were used to assess differences in diffusion along white matter tracts between groups using permutation testing. The following neuropsychological measures of cognition were assessed: processing speed, attention vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. Results indicated that fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced in adults with ASD in the anterior thalamic radiation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.022) and the right cingulum (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.008). All neuropsychological measures were worse in the ASD group, but none of the measures significantly correlated with reduced FA in either tract in the adults with ASD or in the healthy volunteers. Together, this indicates that the tracts that are the most impacted in autism may not be (at least directly) responsible for the behavioral deficits in ASD.\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold>\n                        2020, 13: 702\u2013714\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u00a9 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White matter tracts are the data cables in the brain that efficiently transfer information, and damage to these tracts could be the cause for the abnormal behaviors that are associated with autism. We found that two long\u2010range tracts (the anterior thalamic radiation and the cingulum) were both impaired in autism but were not directly related to the impairments in behavior. This suggests that the abnormal tracts and behavior are the effects of another underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T07:20:44Z","timestamp":1582096844000},"page":"702-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Reduced White Matter Integrity and Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2400-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Haigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Integrative Neuroscience University of Nevada  Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Minshew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Eack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"School of Social Work University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2013.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Andersson J. 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